Palmerston, Lord. 1784-1865. English Whig Prime Minister 1855~65. Secretary of War 1809-28. Foreign Secretary 1830~51. Crimean War. American Civil War.

Palmyra. 19C BC. Syrian city “founded by Solomon”. 3C AD + Syria, Egypt. 273 Rome destroys.

Palo Alto, Battle. 1846 US victory. First major battle of Mexican War.

Pan. Greek god of fertility and nature. Inventor of shepherd’s flute. Half man half goat. =Faunus.

Pan-American Conferences. 1826- US, South American states. Pan-American Union, OAS.

Pan-American Union. 1890-1948. Commercial, cultural exchanges.

Pan-Germanism. 1894-1945. German nationalist movement. Nazism.

Pan-Slavism. 19C Slavic unity movement. Caused Russo-Turkish War 1877.

Panama. 1501 Bastidas discovers. 1510 Spanish settle. 1821 Gran Colombia. 1930 Colombia. 1903 US aided revolt, Independence. 1903-79 US administered Canal Zone. 1989 US invasion restores elected government.

Panama Canal. 1881-1889. Begun by Lesseps- bankrupt. Completed by US 1904-14. Reed.

Panama Scandal. 1892. Bribery of French Chamber of Deputies discovered re 1888 Lesseps Panama loan. Discredited Clemenceau’s radicals.

Panay Incident. 1937. Japanese sink US gunboat in China. US restraint exemplified isolationism.

Pancras, St. 290-304. Patron saint of children. Martyred at age 14.

Pandit, Vijaya. 1900-90. Fought for Indian independence. First woman president of UN General Assembly 1953-4. Nehru’s Sister.

Pandora. First woman of Greek legend. Opened box of human ills. Hope remains in box.

Pangkor Engagement. 1874. Treaty with Perak established British rule in Malaya.

Panipat, Battles. 1526 Moguls defeat Afghans, establish dynasty. 1556 Moguls defeat Hindus. 1761 Afghans defeat Marathas.

Pankhurst, Emmeline. 1858-1928. English suffragette. Founded Women’s Social and Political Union, 1903.

Panmunjom. Site of Korean peace talks 1951-3.

Pannonia. c35BC Roman province. Hungary, Austria, north Yugoslavia, Slovakia.

Pantagruel. Rabelais giant.

Pantheism. Religion or philosophy identifying God with all that exists. Hinduism.

Pantheon. 27BC. Rome. Temple to all the gods. 609 converted to Christian church.

Panthéon. 1758-89. Paris. Soufflot. Ordered by Louis XV after recovering from illness.

Paoli, Pasquale. 1725-1807. Corsican patriot. Led rebels vs Genoa, France 1735~94.

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