Algerian War. 1831-46. France conquers Algeria.

Alhambra. 1238-58. Moorish palace at Granada.

Ali. 4th Caliph, 656-661. Son-in-law of Muhammad. Succession led to Sunni/Shi’ite split. Moslem Civil War.

Ali Pasha. 1741-1822. Turkish governor of Greece. Byron’s “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage” subject.

Ali Pasha, Mehmed Emin. 1815-71. Reforming Ottoman Vizier.

Alia, Ramiz. 1925-. Albanian President 1982-92.

Alien and Sedition Acts. 1798-1800/02. US fear French Revolution. Forbade criticism of government. Abused by Federalists vs Republicans.

Alien Registration Act. 1940. Outlaws advocating violent overthrow of US government. Extended to include all advocates of Communism. McCarthy.

Aljubarrota, Battle. 1385. Confirmed Portugal’s independence from Castile.

All the Talents. 1806. English government under Grenville.

Allah. Arabic word for God; name of Islam’s God.

Allen, Ethan. 1738-89. Led Green Mountain Boys in American Revolution. Failed to take Montreal, 1775.

Allende, Salvador. 1908-73. Marxist president of Chile 1970-3.

Alliance for Progress. 1961. Coordination of Latin American economies, resistance to communism.

Allies. WWI and WWII.

Allobroges. Celts who inhabited SE France; conq by Rome 121BC.

Alma, Battle. 1854 Crimean War. French and British defeat Russians at Sebastapol.

Almohads. 1130-1269. Berber dynasty in Morocco and Spain. Ibn Tumart.

Almoravids. 1055-1147. Berber dynasty in Morocco and Spain. Yusuf ibn Tashufin.

Alp-Arslan. c1030-72. Seljuk Sultan. Defeated Byzantines. Turks dominate Asia Minor.

Alphabet. 1500BC. Semitic invention developed through mnemonic, pictorial, ideographic, and phonetic stages.

Alphonsine Tables. 1252. Incorrect astronomical data on planets, based on geocentric system.

Alpini, Prospero. 1553-1616. Italian physician. Introduced coffee and bananas to Europe.

Alsace-Lorraine. Iron rich region along Rhine. 1C BC Rome. 5C Alemanni. 496 Franks. 870 German. 1648(A)/1766(L) French 1871 Prussia. 1919 France 1940 Germany. 1945 France.

Altdorfer, Albrecht. c1480-1538. German founder landscape painting.

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