Courbet, Gustave. 1819-77. French Realist painter, socialist activist. Commune. The Artist’s Studio 1855.

Court of Miracles. In Middle Ages in Paris, area where beggars lived at night, shedding their wooden legs, etc.

Courtois, Bernard. 1777-1838. French. Iodine 1811.

Cousin, Jean the Elder. 1490-1560. French painter. Eva Prima Pandora, early French nude.

Couthon, Georges. 1755-94. French aide to Robespierre. Guillotined.

Covenant, National. National Covenant.

Coverdale, Miles. 1488-1569. English religious reformer, psalm + bible translator.

Coward, Noel. 1899-1973. English playwright. Comedies of manners. Private Lives 1930.

Cowell, Henry. 1887-1965. US avant-garde composer. Tone Clusters.

Cowper, William. 1731-1800. English poet. The Task.

Craig, James. 1871-1940. First Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, 1921-.

Cranach, Lucas. 1472-1553. German painter and engraver. Luther 1533.

Crane, Stephen. 1871-1900. US writer. Red Badge of Courage 1895. Short stories.

Cranmer, Thomas. 1489-1556. First Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury. Executed by Queen Mary.

Crapper, Thomas. 1836-1910. British plumber. Installed Queen Victoria’s toilets. Manufacturer, but not inventor of syphonic flush toilets.

Crassus, Lucius. 140-91BC. Roman statesman, orator. Banished non-citizens, causing Social War.

Crassus, Marcus. c115-53BC. First Roman triumvirate member. Suppressed Spartacus’ slave revolt.

Crazy Horse. c1842-1877. Sioux Indian chief vs Custer at Little Bighorn.

Crédit Mobilier of America. 1865-72. Scandal involving illegal profits, graft in Union Pacific Railroad construction.

Creek War. 1813-14. Creek Indians defeated by Jackson, give up lands to US.

Creole. 16-18C White person born in America of Spanish parents. Now varied meanings.

Creon. Oedipus’ uncle. King of Thebes. Killed Antigone.

Crépy, Treaty. 1544. Ends 23 years of war between Holy Roman Empire and France.

Cressida. Unfaithful to Troilus, she deserted Troy for the Greeks.

Crete. c6100BC Knossos civilization. 3500BC Minoan. 1100BC Greek 67BC Rome. 826 Saracen. 960 Byzantine. 1205 Venice. 1669 Ottoman. 1912 Greece. 1941-45 Germany occupies.

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