Châlons, Battle. 451. Attila’s westward conquest stopped by Visigoths and Romans.

Chamberlain, Austen. 1863-1937. British Statesman. Locarno Pact.

Chamberlain, Houston. 1855-1927. British/German antisemite pro-Aryan philosopher. Foundation of the Nineteenth Century, 1899.

Chamberlain, Joseph. 1836-1914. English imperialist politician.

Chamberlain, Neville. 1869-1940. English statesman, Prime Minister, 1937-40. Appeasement Policy towards Hitler. Munich Agreement.

Chambers, Ephraim. c1680-1740. First English Cyclopaedia 1728, used by French Encyclopedists.

Chambers, William. 1726-96. English Palladian architect. Somerset House 1776-86.

Chambers, William and Robert. 19C.Scottish reference book publishers.

Chambord, Count de. 1820-83. Claimed French throne; inflexibility led to failure of Bourbon restoration negotiations 1874.

Chambres Ardentes. 1535-1682. French courts. Tried nobles, heretics.

Champ-de-Mars. Garden under the Eiffel Tower. Originally Gabriel’s parade ground for École Militaire.

Champa. 2-15C Vietnamese kingdom. 5-6C China. 1471 Vietn dest.

Champlain, Samuel de. c1567-1635. French explorer of Canada. First Governor of New France. Founded Quebec city 1608.

Champollion, Jean. 1790-1832. French. Deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics. Rosetta Stone.

Champs-Élysée. Paris boulevard. (=Elysian Fields.) Trees planted by Le Nôtre 1667. Named 1709.

Chanak Crisis. 1922. British fear Turkish threat to Dardanelles. Lausanne Peace, 1923.

Chancellor. Title of prime minister of Germany.

Chandler, Raymond. 1888-1959. US novelist. Big Sleep 1939. Detective Philip Marlow.

Chanel, Gabrielle (Coco). 1883-1971. French haut couture, perfume doyenne. Simplicity.

Chang Ch’ien. -114BC. Chinese explorer to India, Bactria.

Chang Ling. 33-156. Founded Taoism in China.

Ch’ang O. Chinese moon goddess.

Channel Islands. 911 Norman. 1066 England. Autonomous British crown possession.

Channel Tunnel. Mathieu conceived the idea in 1802. Begun 1880s. French-English agreements to proceed, 1964, 1985. Opened 1994.

Chanson de Roland. 12C French epic poem. Roncesvalles. Roland.

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