Birch, Samuel. 1869-1955. English Cornish landscape painter.

Birdseye, Clarence. 1886-1956. US inventor of frozen foods. Founded General Foods, 1924. 300+ patents.

Biron, Charles. 1562-1602. French marshal, beheaded for treason.

Birth Control Clinic. 1881 Amsterdam. 1921 London. 1916-23 US.

Biruni, al-. 973-1048. Arab scholar. Chronology of Ancient Nations.

Bischoff, Theodor. 1807-82. Ger: periodic fertility, 1844.

Bishop, Henry. 1786-1855. English song composer: Home Sweet Home 1821.

Bishops’ Wars. 1639. Scots vs Charles’ Anglicanism. 1640. Covenanters force Charles to call Long Parliament.

Bismarck, Otto von. 1815-98. Prince. Prussian Prime Minister 1862-90. Founded German Empire; First Chancellor 1871-90. Provoked Franco-Prussian War. Ems Dispatch. Schleswig.

Bizet, Georges. 1838-75. French composer: Carmen 1875.

Bjorko Treaty. 1905. Unimplemented military alliance between German Wilhelm II and Russian Nicholas II.

Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne. 1832-1910. Norwegian poet, novelist: Kongen 1877, National anthem.

Bjørnsson, Sveinn. 1881-1952. First President of Iceland Republic, 1944-.

Black, Joseph. 1728-99. French/Scottish chemist. Latent heat 1757. CO2.

Black and Tans. 1920-22. Brutal British police sent to suppress Irish unrest. Irish Free State.

Black Army. 1463-1500. Powerful Hungarian mercenary force.

Black Code. 1685. Louis XIV edict on treatment of slaves in French colonies.

Black Codes. 1865-6. Strict US local laws to control blacks based on slave codes. Freedmen. Jim Crow.

Black Death. Bubonic Plague.

Black Friday. Sept 24, 1869. Fisk corners gold. US market collapses.

Black Hand. 19-20C. Sicilian criminal secret society.

Black Hand. 1911-17. (Unity or Death) Serbian secret society assassinated Francis-Ferdinand 1914.

Black Hawk War. 1832. US decimates Sauk/Fox tribes. Illinois, Iowa Indians flee west.

Black Hole of Calcutta. 1756. Small cell in which 123 of 146 British alledgedly died after being imprisoned by Bengalis.

Black Hundreds. 1905-9. Russian movement. Opposed revolution. Persecuted Jews-50,000 dead.

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