Malayan Emergency. 1948-60. Britain and allies defeat communist guerillas.

Mao Tse-tung. 1893-1976. Chinese Communist leader 1935-. Long March. Cultural Revolution.

Maoism. Revolutionary Communist ideology of Mao Tse-tung.

Marx, Karl. 1818-83. German socialist philosopher: Communist Manifesto 1848. Das Kapital 1867. Dialectical Materialism. Marxism.

Mazowiecki, Tadeusz. 1927-. Polish Prime Minister 1989. First non-communist Prime Minister in Eastern Europe in 40 years.

McCarthy, Joseph. 1909-57. US senator, fanatical anti-Communist demagogue.

Mindszenty, József. 1892-1975. Hungarian cardinal. Anti-Nazi, anti-communist. Jailed by both. Spent 1956-71 in US consulate.

Mongolia. 13C Empire. 1686 China (Manchu). Outer Mongolia: 1913 Independent. 1921 Communist revolution. 1924 People’s Republic. Inner Mongolia: «China.

Ngo Dinh Diem. 1901-63. Repressive anti-communist. First President of South Vietnam 1954-. Killed in coup.

Northern Expedition. 1926-8. Kuomintang unify China, purge Communists.

Pathet Lao. 1950-91. Laotian communists vs French rule in Indochina.

People’s Republic. Communist government by a people’s party. Democratic mandate from popular revolution. Often Totalitarian.

Poland. c2000BC Slavs settle. 9C Tribes unite. 966 =Poland. Mieszko I. 1038 Piast dynasty. 1386 +Lithuania. 1572- Kings elected, weak. 1772,93,95. Partitioned by Russia(E), Austria(SW), Prussia(NW). 1815 Congress Kingdom (Russia). 1918 Independent republic. 1926 Dictatorship. 1939 Germany/Russia occupy. 1941 Germany. 1945 Independent. 1947 Communist. 1952 People’s Republic. 1989 Free elections. Solidarity.

Pol Pot. 1925-98. Cambodian Communist Khmer Rouge leader. Arrested 1997.

P’u-i, Henry. 1906-67. Last Chinese Emperor. 1908-12. Japanese puppet Emperor of Manchukuo 1934-45. Interned by Soviets in Siberia 1945-50. Reeducated by Communist Chinese. Pardoned 1959. Mechanic. From Emperor to Citizen 1980.

Rajk, Laszlo. 1909-49. Hungarian communist statesman. Hung for treason. Rehabilitated 1956.

Rakovsky, Khristian. 1873-?. Russian Communist leader. Opposed Stalin. Imprisoned 1938.

Reed, John. 1887-1920. US communist writer. Ten Days that Shook the World 1919.

Right Opposition. 1928-29. Communists opponents of Stalin within Central Committee.

Russia. 9C Slavs, Rus invade. 862-1598 Rurik dynasty. 1240 Mongol Empire of Golden Horde. 1462 Ivan the Great. 16C Unified. 1613 Romanov dynasty. 1917 Communist. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1991 Russian Federation. CIS.

Sandinistas. 1962-. Nicaraguan Communist guerilla group vs Somoza. Governed 1980-89, despite US Funded Contra rebellion.

SEATO. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. 1954-77 for defence vs communist infiltration.

Slansky Trial. 1952. Jewish Czech communists purged during Stalin anti-semitism. Those executed were restored to party membership 1968.

Suharto. 1921-. Indonesian president. 1967-. Brutally repressed communist coup 1965.

Sukarno. 1901-70. Indonesian nationalist leader, president 1949-67. Sought communist ties. Authoritative ‘guided democracy’.

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