Tilly, Graf von. 1559-1632. Flemish commander of Catholic League in Thirty Years War.

Tippett, Michael. 1905-98. English experimental composer.

Titian. c1489-1576. Venetian painter of dynamic composition and brilliant color. Assumption of Virgin 1518. Charles V 1548. Rape of Europa 1562. Piéta 1576.

Togliatti, Palmiro. 1893-1964. Co-founder, Italian Communist Party. Leader 1926-.

Totalitarianism. Government which tries to fully control life of citizens. Fascist Italy. Nazi Germany. Communist Russia.

Travis, William. 1811-36. Texas revolutionary commander killed at Alamo.

Trenchard, Hugh. 1873-1956. British Flying Corps Commander. “Father of the RAF” 1918.

Trent, Council of. 1545-63. Compiled Missal used by Roman Catholic Church until 1969. Prohibited sale of indulgences. Signals counter-reformation. Luther.

Trent Affair. 1861. US sieze British mail ship in Civil War, remove two Confederate commissioners.

Trevithick, Richard. 1771-1833. English inventor of high pressure steam engine. Locomotive 1803.

Tribonian. -545 Byzantine. Compiled Corpus Juris Civilis law code 529.

Trotsky. Lev Bronstein. 1879-1940. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, with Lenin anti-Stalin. “Worldwide Permanent Revolution”-socialism in Russia requires revolution everywhere. Favoured International Communism over Stalin’s Russian nationalism. Organized First Soviet 1905. Twice banished to Siberia by Czar. 1918 War Commissar...Red Army. Banished by Stalin 1929. Murdered in exile in Mexico.

Truman Doctrine. 1947. US aid vs communist expansion into Greece, Turkey.

Tuileries Palace. 1563. Architect:Delorme. Commissioned by Catherine de Medici. Stormed 1792. Burned, 1871 by Communards.

Turing, Alan. 1912-54. English mathematician, logician. Early computer theorist. Morphogenesis. Collosus. Bletchley Park.

Tyrrell, George. 1861-1909. British Jesuit Modernist. Applied historical methods to theology. Excommunicated.

Udall, Nicholas. c1505-56. English dramatist.Ralph Roister Doister 1553. First English secular play, comedy.

Ukraine. 3C Ostrogoths. Rus. 1240 Golden Horde. 1392 Lithuania. 1569 Poland. 1648 Independent Cossack state. 1654 Muscovy protectorate. 1772 Russia. 1918 Independent. 1923 USSR. 1991 Independent. CIS.

Uniformity, Act of. 1549. Established English Prayer Book, catechism for Anglican worship. 1553 Repealed. 1559 Reenacted. 1662 Deprived Nonconformists of living.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. USSR. 1917 Communist revolution, Civil War. 1923 Union of states. 1939 +Galicia. 1940 +Baltic States, Bessarabia, Karelia. 1945 +Ruthenia. Recognized: 1923 US, 1924 Britain, 1940 Yugoslavia. 1991 Dissolved. Russia.

United Front. 1924-6, 1936-45. Chinese communists, Kuomintang vs Japan.

Van Goyen, Jan. 1596-1656. Dutch landcape painter of familiar, commonplace.

Varèse, Edgard. 1883-1965. French composer of dissonant electronic music. Hyperprism 1923.

Vaughan Williams, Ralph. 1872-1958. English Nationalist composer of symphonies, ballads, songs. Combined folk idiom with 16C polyphony. Sea 1910. Pastoral Symphony 1922.

Verdi, Giusseppe. 1813-1901. Italian Nationalist operatic composer. Otello. Rigoletto 1851. Traviata 1853. Aida 1871.

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