Sheridan, Richard. 1751-1816. British comedy dramatist: School for Scandal 1777.

Shostakovich, Dmitri. 1906-75. Russian. Composed complex profound intense personal works. Rebuked by Stalin. Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk 1934.

Sibelius, Jan. 1865-1957. Finnish composer. Finlandia. Symphonies and tone poems evoke feeling of North. Kulervo Symphony 1892.

Siemens, Werner von. 1816-92. German engineer. Dynamo 1867. Electric Locomotive 1879.

Simenon, Georges. 1903-89. Belgian writer of political and detective novels. Commissaire Maigret.

Sims, William. 1858-1936. US WWI naval commander.

Six, les. 1917-74. French composers initiated Neoclassical. Milhaud. Honegger.

Slansky Trial. 1952. Jewish Czech communists purged during Stalin anti-semitism. Those executed were restored to party membership 1968.

Smetana, Bedrich. 1824-84. Czech Nationalist opera composer. Bartered Bride 1866. “-Father of Czech music”.

Social Contract. Hobbes political philosophy. Compact between ruler and ruled. Locke.

Sousa, John Philip. 1854-1932. US march composer.

South Africa. 1910 Britain unites possessions: Cape of Good Hope + Natal + Orange Free State + Transvaal = Union of South Africa. Constitution included white supremacy. 1920 +German South-West Africa by mandate. 1948 Apartheid. 1961 = Republic of South Africa; left Commonwealth. 1990 -Namibia 1994 ANC gains power.

Soweto. 1976 Violent riots in Black South Africa township over compulsory Afrikaans in schools. 236-600 dead.

Spartacus League. 1914-19. Forerunner of German Communist Party. Leaders executed after 1919 uprising.

Speranski, Mikhail. 1772-1839. Russian adviser of Czar Alexander I. Reform advocate, law code compiler.

Sperry, Elmer. 1860-1930. US inventor of gyrocompass, improved dynamo, arc lamp.

Spinoza, Baruch. 1632-77. Dutch Rationalist philosopher. Criticized scriptures. Excommunicated by Jews. God and nature are one. Determinist. Pantheist. God and Nature 1659. Ethics 1665.

Spiritualists, Greater World. 1931. Christian sect communicating with the dead.

St-Germain, Comte de. 1707-84. Won favour of Europe’s courts with “elixir of long life”.

Stahl, Georg. 1660-1734. German chemist. Animalism-soul controls bodily functions. Theory of Combustion 1702.

Stanford, Charles. 1852-1924. Irish composer, led revival of English music. Irish Rhapsodies.

Stephenson, George. 1781-1848. English inventor of steam locomotive 1814, “Rocket” 1829.

Stevens, John. 1749-1838. Key to US patent laws 1790. First American locomotive 1825.

Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1928-. German electronic music composer.

Straisund, Treaty. 1370. Denmark makes commercial concessions to Hanseatic League.

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