Utraquists. 15C. Moderate Bohemian Hussite sect; most re-absorbed by Roman Catholic Church 1620. Moravian Church.

Vasa. 1628. Swedish warship sank in harbour before maiden voyage.

Vendée, Wars. French Royalist uprisings of 1793,4,9, 1815,32.

Vergara, Convention. 1839. Ends first Carlist War vs Isabella II.

Vervins, Treaty. 1598. Spain withdraws support of French Catholic League. Ends Franco-Spanish War. Spanish acquisitions returned to France.

Victory, HMS. Oldest commissioned British warship. Launched 1765. Nelson’s flagship 1797-1805. Trafalgar.

Wairau Affray. 1843. Maori kill 22 English Settlers in New Zealand. Maori Wars.

Walking Purchase. 1737. Americans cheat Indians in buying Delaware land by running instead of walking to determine land size. French-Indian Wars 1754-63.

Warsaw. 1596 Polish capital. 1655 Sweden destroys. 1795 Prussia. 1807 Napoleon creates Duchy. 1813 Russia. 1815 Kingdom of Poland. 1939-45 Germany occupies.

Warsaw Pact. 1955-91. USSR, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, E Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania. Treaty for the combined defence of Eastern Europe under Soviet supreme command.

Warsaw Uprising. 1830-1. Czartoryski attempt to oust Russians crushed. 1944. Polish underground army defeats Germans but Soviet delay allows German reinforcements to defeat Poles, destroying potential opposition to later Soviet control.

Wattignies, Battle. 1793. Inexperienced French army defeats professional Austrians. French Revolution.

Wenceslas. 1361-1419. German king 1378-1400. Deposed. King of Bohemia 1378-. Hussite Wars.

Witt, Johan de. 1625-72. Dutch statesman. Rebuilt navy. Led Dutch Wars. Triple Alliance 1668. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Killed by Orangist mob.

XYZ Affair. 1797. US attack French ships after refusing to bribe ministers. Settled 1800. French Revolutionary Wars.

Yakima Indian Wars. 1855-8. Indians resist move to reservations. Defeated by US troops.

Zama, Battle. 202BC. Rome defeats Hannibal near Carthage. Punic Wars.

Zeebrugge, Raid. 1918. Allied attempt to block harbour, trapping German submarines, warships.

Zwingli, Huldrych. 1484-1531. Swiss humanist and religious reformer. Zurich Reformation 1522. Urged priests to marry. Attacked Roman mass and worship of images. Swiss Evangelical Church. Killed in Kappel Wars.