Cato, Marcus. 234-149BC. Roman statesman, censor, writer. Opposed Greek influence.

Catolacus. 1C Roman settlement in Paris quarter of St-Denis.

Catullus, Gaius. c87-54BC. Roman lyric poet: Lesbia.

Catulus, Gaius. 3C BC. Roman General. Defeated Carthage. Ended First Punic War.

Celts. Central European peoples who settled Spain, Gaul, Asia Minor 3000BC, and invaded Great Britain c3C BC. Plundered Rome 390BC. Thrived in Britain. after Romans. Invaded Greece 279-276BC. Forced to Wales by Invasions 5C. = Roman “Gauls”.

Ceres. Roman goddess of growth. = Demeter.

Ceuta. c12C BC Phoenicia. 1C BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 618 Visigoth. 711 Moslem. 1415 Portugal. 1580 Spain. 1810 Britain. 1814 Spain.

Chalcedon, Council. 451. Clarified orthodox Catholic beliefs. Sees of Rome and Byzantium established. Christ’s dual nature.

Cicero, Marcus. 106-43BC. Roman orator. Opposed Caesar and Antony. Executed. De Re Republica 54-51BC.

Cimbri. 2C BC. Germanic tribe. Invaded Rome. Annihilated.

Cincinnatus. 5C BC. Roman hero and statesman.

Cinna, Lucius. c84BC. Roman consul. Killed Sulla’s supporters. Assassinated.

Classical. 500-300BC Greek Art. Idealized figure sculptures. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian architecture. Praxiteles. Roman Art. 1C BC-2C AD. Greek forms; added arch. Sculpture: realistic portraits, dramatic bas-relief.

Clement III. Antipope 1080-1100 appointed by Henry IV. Defeated Rome 1084.

Clocks. 3500BC Gnomon. 2000BC Chinese. 8C BC sundial 4C BC Greek water clock. 300BC hemispherical sundial 160BC Rome. 12C mechanical. 1379 de Vick. 1657 Huygens pendulum.

Clymene. Nymph. Mother of Atlas and Prometheus.

Colchester. Pre-Roman Belgic capital. First Roman settlement in Britain.

Colosseum. 80. Roman amphitheater erected by Vespasian.

Constantine V. 718-775. Byzantine Emperor 741-. Lost Rome and Italy.

Consul. 509BC-. Roman chief magistrate.

Coptics. Monophysite Christian church in Egypt. 451 Schism from Rome.

Corinth. 1350BC “Founded by Sisyphus”. 243BC Achaean League. 146 Rome destroys, rebuilds 46BC. Byzantine. 1458 Ottoman. 1687 Venice. 1715 Ottoman 1822 Greece.

Corpus Juris Civilis. Developed 529-35. Roman legal code. Influenced European legal systems.

Corsica. 6C BC Phocaean. Etruscan. 278BC Carthage. 259BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 8C Papacy. 10C Saracen. 1077 Pisa. 1296 Genoa, Aragon dispute. 1569 Genoa. 1768 France. 1794 Britain. 1796 France 1814-15 British occupy. WWII Germans occupy.

Crassus, Lucius. 140-91BC. Roman statesman, orator. Banished non-citizens, causing Social War.

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