Newman, John. 1801-90. English theologian, writer, founded Oxford Movement. Apologia pro Vita Sua 1868.

Niagara Movement. 1905-10. US black civil rights movement. NAACP.

Noncooperation Movement. 1920-22. Ghandi’s non-violent protest in India. Amritsar Massacre.

Op art. 20C style incorporating optical illusion of movement. Vasarely. Riley.

Oxford Movement. 1833-45. Christian Socialist Tractarian movement for return to RC ritual, dogma in Anglican Church.

Pan-Germanism. 1894-1945. German nationalist movement. Nazism.

Pan-Slavism. 19C Slavic unity movement. Caused Russo-Turkish War 1877.

Parks, Rosa. 1913-. US ‘mother’ of Civil Rights Movement. Arrested, 1955, for not relinquishing her seat to a white man. King.

Pietism. 17-18C. Spener’s religious movement. Influenced Moravians, Methodists. Bible study.

Pop Art. 1950-. Movement drawing from popular culture. Warhol. Lichtenstein.

Populist Movement. 1890s. US agrarian reform coalition.

Post-Impressionism. -1910. Modern art movement of solid color and forms as a reaction to Impressionism. Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin.

Poujadism. 1954-8. French extreme right-wing political movement founded by Poujade. Gained tax concessions.

Prohibition. 1920-33. US 18th Amendment. Alcoholic drinks illegal. Repealed by 21st. Temperance Movement.

Puritanism. 16-17C. English Calvinist movement to purify church of Catholic and political elements. Valued hard work, education, thrift.

Pusey, Edward. 1800-82. English. Led Oxford Movement.

Quietism. 1696. Mystic religious movements. Passivity allows communication with God. Hinduism. Sufism. Molinos. Guyon. Fenelon. Soul in passive state is saved by divine spirit.

Quimby, Phineas P. 1802-66. US mental healer by suggestion. Mary Baker Eddy was a patient. Father of New Thought movement.

Realism. 19C art movement concerned with recording everyday life. Courbet.

Reason, Cult of. 1793-5. French Revolution atheist anti-Catholic movement.

Red Shirts. 1930. Non-violent anti-British movement in NW India.

Reform Judaism. 19C. German movement vs Orthodox ritualism.

Reformation. 16C religious movement against practices of Roman Catholic church led to founding of Protestant churches. Luther. Calvin. Knox. Zwingli. Henry VIII.

Regulator Movement. 1764-71. American colonists in NC vs tax, corruption.

Risorgimento. c1800-70 Movement for unified Italy. Young Italy.

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