Presley, Elvis. 1935-77. US singer of rock, folk, gospel, and country music. 28M records sold. Heartbreak Hotel 1956.

Pythian Games. -4C. Musical and athletic contests at Delphi.

Quadrivium. Arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, music. Trivium.

Renaissance Music. c16C. Freer, flexible polyphony; steady, predictable rhythm. Palestrina. Gabrieli. English madrigals.

Rodgers, Richard. 1902-79. US musical comedy composer. Oklahoma 1943. South Pacific 1949. Sound of Music 1959. Hart. Hammerstein.

Romantic. Period of music. c1800-1910. Sought freedom of expression. Instrumental virtuoso. Berlioz. Liszt. Schubert. Schumann.

Rosa, Salvator. 1615-73. Italian poet, musician, Baroque painter.

Royal Academy of Music. 1822.

Samudra Gupta. -c380. Hindu Indian Emperor. c330-. Expanded empire. Poet, musician, soldier.

Schein, Johann. 1586-1630. Reformation composer. Introduced Italian Baroque to German music.

Schoenberg, Arnold. 1874-1951. Austrian/US pioneer of atonal twelve-note method-key to recent musical advances. Five Piano Pieces 1923.

Schubert, Franz. 1797-1828. Austrian Romantic symphonic composer of lyrical beauty. Created German lieder. “The most poetic of musicians”-Liszt. A Minor Symphony 1822. Unfinished Symphony1822.

Schütz, Heinrich. 1585-1672. Founded German church music with Italian style. Wrote first German opera, Dafne 1627.

Scriabin, Aleksandr. 1872-1915. Russian composer uniting music with philosophy: Prometheus 1911. Musical symbolism.

Smetana, Bedrich. 1824-84. Czech Nationalist opera composer. Bartered Bride 1866. “-Father of Czech music”.

Stanford, Charles. 1852-1924. Irish composer, led revival of English music. Irish Rhapsodies.

Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1928-. German electronic music composer.

Symbolists. 19C French literary movement expressing truth subjectively by symbols. Spread to art, music. Verlaine. Mallarmé. Munch.

Vallee, Rudy. 1901-86. US. First pop music star.

Varèse, Edgard. 1883-1965. French composer of dissonant electronic music. Hyperprism 1923.

Victoria, Tomás Luis de. c1548-1611. Spanish composer. Pioneer of contrapuntal music. Requiem 1605.

Wagner, Richard. 1813-83. German Romantic opera composer/librettist. Leitmotif. Unified drama and music in long and complex operas. Tannhäuser 1845. Lohengrin 1850. Nibelung Ring 1853-76. Tristan and Isolde 1857-9. Parsifal 1882.

Zadkine, Ossip. 1890-1967. Russian/French cubist sculptor. Musicians 1924. Christ 1939. Destroyed City 1951.