Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. German dynasty includes Belgian Leopold I 1831-; Albert, Prince-Consort, England. 1840-; Ferdinand, Prince-Consort, Portugal. 1836-; Prince of Bulgaria 1887-1946.

Scaliger, Joseph. 1540-1609. Classical scholar. Founded science of chronology.

Scaliger, Julius Caesar. 1484-1558. Italian/French classical scholar. “Father” of literary criticism. Poetics 1561.

Scaramouche. Italian clown, at 83 could knock off his partner’s hat with a high kick.

Scarlatti, Alessandro. 1660-1725. Italian composer of oratorios and operas. Neapolitan School. Influenced classical harmony.

Schickard, Wilhelm. 1592-1635. Dutch inventor of “calculating clock”, mechanical calculator.

Schlick, Moritz. 1882-1936. German Logical Positivist philosopher. Led Vienna Circle.

Schmalkaldic League. 1531-47. Failed alliance of Protestant Princes vs HRE to defend Lutheranism. War 1546-7.

Schrödinger, Erwin. 1887-1961. Austrian. Wave equation 1926.

Schweitzer, Albert. 1875-1965. German medical missionary to Africa 1913-.

Scopes Trial. 1925. Scopes found guilty of teaching evolution in Tennessee high school. Bryan. Darrow.

Scotland. c4000BC Inhabited. c1800BC Beaker people. c300BC Celts (Picts). Caledonia. c500 AD Scots (Celts from Ireland) settle. 832 MacAlpin unifies. 945 + Cumbria + Strathclyde. c1016 + Lothian. 1328 Independence acknowledged by England. 1603 James VI becomes James I of England. 1707 Great Britain. 1801 United Kingdom.

Scriblerus Club. 18C English literary club. Satirized contemporary writing. Swift. Pope.

Seaborg, Glenn. 1912-99. US chemist. Isolated plutonium, Atom bomb ingredient.

Segovia, Andrés. 1894-1987. Spanish classical guitarist.

Seljuks. 1075-1242. Turkish dynasty ruled Caliphate Empire. Attacks vs Byzantines led to Crusades. Nucleus for Ottoman Empire.

Seven Bishops. 1688. Confined to Tower for opposing Declaration of Indulgence.

Shannon, Claude. 1916-2001. US information theorist. Mathematical Theory of Communication 1948.

Shaw, George Bernard. 1856-1950. Irish socialist writer/dramatist of wit and satire. Man and Superman 1903. Pygmalian 1913. St. Joan 1923. Fabian.

Sherrington, Charles. 1857-1952. British experimental physiologist.

Shiloh, Battle. 1862. Second American Civil War battle. No clear victor.

Ships. Iron- Foss 1777. Clipper 1832. Paddle- Charlotte Dundas 1801. Screw- Archimedes 1839. Nuclear- Nautilus 1955.

Shockley, William. 1910-89. US. Transistor 1948.

Sholokhov, Mikhail. 1905-84. Russian writer. Don series.

Sidoine Apollinaire. 430-472. Roman poet, Bishop of Clermont-Ferrand.

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