Michelson, Albert. 1852-1931. Polish/US physicist. With Morley, disproved existence of ether 1887. Measured speed of light.

Millikan, Robert. 1868-1953. US physicist. Charge on electron 1911. Cosmic rays 1925.

Mistral, Frédéric. 1830-1914. French Provençale revival poet. Mirèi 1859. Félibrige 1878.

Mnesicles. 5C BC. Greek architect of Propylae on Acropolis.

Modernism. 19C Movement to reinterpret Roman Catholicism based on science, psychology. Declared heretical, 1907. Loisy. Tyrrell.

Moissan, Henri. 1852-1907. French. Isolated flourine 1886. Electric furnace 1897.

Mommsen, Theodor. 1817-1903. German historian. History of Rome 1854.

Monet, Claude. 1840-1926. Originator of Impressionist open-air painting direct from nature. Impression Sunrise 1872. Nymphéas 1906-26.

Mongol Empire. Asia. Established 1207 by Genghis Khan. Peak included Persia, China, Russia. 1260- Fragmented. Yuan. Golden Horde. Tamerlane.

Monteverdi, Claudio. 1567-1643. Italian composer. First opera: Orfeo 1607. L’Arianna 1608. Madrigals 1583.

Moore, Henry. 1898-1986. English semi-abstract organic sculptor. Mother and Child 1924. Reclining Figure 1951.

Morgan, Thomas. 1866-1945. US embryologist. Chromosome theory. Drosophilia genetics, 1910.

Moroccan Crisis. 1905. Germany declares Morocco free of France, Algeciras Conference. 1911 = Agadir Crisis. French gain Morocco, Germany Cameroon, Italy Dodecanese.

Mortimer. English royal family. Edmund’s royal marriage 14C led to 15C Yorkist claims vs Henry IV. Edward IV.

Mortimer’s Cross, Battle. 1461. Yorks defeat Lancastrians. Edward IV declares himself king.

Mosaic Law. Jewish law ascribed to Moses. Torah.

Moscow Declaration. 1943 Allies declare need for International peacekeeping organization...UN. 1956 Officially ends WWII between USSR and Japan.

Motte and Bailey. (Mound and enclosure). Predominant form of castle 11-12C.

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. 1756-91. Viennese Classical composer. European tour at age 6. Seemingly effortless compositions of symmetry and melody with emotional feeling. Marriage of Figaro 1786. Don Juan 1787. Magic Flute 1791.

Muckrakers. 1906-12. US reporters expose corruption. Sinclair. Collier. McClure.

Müller, Paul. 1899-1965. Swiss chemist. DDT as insecticide 1939.

Muses. Nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne that preside over the areas of knowledge: Calliope-epics, Clio-history, Erato-love poems, Thalia-comedy, Melpomene- tragedy, Terpsichore-dance, Euterpe-music, Polyhymnia-sacred poems, Urania-astronomy.

Myrdal, Gunnar. 1898-1987. Swedish economist/sociologist on racism. American Dilemma 1944.

Nagarjuna. c150-250. Indian Buddhist. Founded Madhyamika school. Clarified concept of Emptiness.

Nansen, Fridtjof. 1861-1930. Norwegian arctic explorer/statesman. Drifted in ship “Fram” 1895-6. Advocated independence from Sweden.

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