Herzberg, Gerhard. 1904-99. Canadian physicist. Electronic structure of molecules.

Hesse, Hermann. 1877-1962. German/Swiss writer of psychological, mystical. Siddharta 1922. Steppenwolf 1927. Magister Ludi 1943.

Hillary, Sir Edmund. 1919-2008. New Zealand, first to climb Mt. Everest, 1953, with Tenzig Norgay.

Hinduism. c 1500BC-. Indian religion. Cycles of life, death, reincarnation. Release by enlightenment. Caste system. Vedas. Root of Buddhism, Jainism, many sects. Upanishads.

Hipparchus. c190-120BC. First star catalogue. Epicyclic planetary motion around earth. Astrolabe 130.

Holbach, Paul, Baron d’. 1723-89. French Materialist philosopher and Encyclopaedist.

Hölderlin, Friedrich. 1770-1843. German classic Romantic poet. Elegies 1800.

Holmes, John. 1879-1964. US. Founder of ACLU, NAACP.

Holy Leagues. 1495 Repelled French invasion of Italy. 1511 Forced France from Italy. 1520 Spanish cities vs HRE. 1526 Failed to force HRE from Italy. 1538 Opposed Schmalkaldic League. 1571 vs Turks. 1576 Opposed Protestantism in France. 1609 vs Protestant Union. 1684 vs Ottomans.

Hopkins, Frederick. 1861-1947. English vitamin discoverer.

Hughes, Howard. 1905-76. US millionaire recluse. Movies, aviation.

Huguenots. 1510-18C. Persecuted French Calvinist Protestants. 300,000 expelled 1685. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Wars of Religion. Edict of Nantes. Henry of Navarre. Declaration of Rights of Man, 1789.

Hull, Cordell. 1871-1955. US Secretary of State. UN founder. Trade agreements.

Human Rights. Agreed natural rights for all mankind. Stoics. Declaration of the Rights of Man 1789. Bill of Rights 1791. Buisson. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948. Amnesty International.

Humanae Vitae. 1968. Pope Paul VI Encyclical against artificial birth control.

Humane Society. 1774 England.

Hundred Years War. 1337~1453. English defend claims to French throne. Crécy. Poitiers. Agincourt. Joan of Arc. English driven from continent, except Calais.

Hung Hsiu-ch’üan. 1814-64. Led Tai-Ping Rebellion. Claimed to be Christ’s brother. Founded new religion based on Chinese unity.

Huss, Jan. 1372-1415. Bohemian priest. Burnt for advocating Wycliffe. Hussite Wars.

Huygens, Christiaan. 1629-95. Dutch physicist, mathematician. Discovered Saturn’s rings 1655. Pendulum clock 1657. Centripetal force 1659. Conservation of Energy 1669. Wave theory of light 1678.

Hydrogen Bomb. Thermonuclear or H-Bomb. 1952 US. 1953 USSR. 1957 Britain. 1968 France. 1971 China. 1974 India. ? Israel. Atomic Bomb.

Hypatia. c370-415. Alexandrian Neoplatonic philosopher. Murdered by St. Cyril and monks. Decline of Alexandria as learning center.

Icarus. Son of Daedalus, wings melted when he flew too close to the sun.

Iconoclasts. 726-843. Byzantines opposed use of images in Christian worship vs Iconophiles. Persecuted. Nicaea.

Ignatius of Antioch, St. -c107. Syrian martyr. Clarified Catholic beliefs. -“Catholic Church”.

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