Crick, Francis. 1916-. British discoverer of DNA structure with Watson 1953.

Cricket. 1598 derived from Club ball. 1877 First Test Match Australia/England.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cuneiform. 3000-1C BC. Sumerian writing form in clay with triangular pointed stick. Spread widely.

Curie, Marie. 1867-1934, and Pierre 1859-1906. Polish/French discoverers of radium, 1898.

Cyclades. Greek Islands in Delian League.

Cycladic Civilization. Paralleled Minoan and Mycenaean.

Cyclops. Mythical one-eyed giant.

Dale, Henry. 1875-1968. English physiologist. Nerve transmission process.

Damocles. 4C BC. Dionysius suspended a sword by a single hair over his head at a banquet.

Dance, George. (The Younger). 1741-1825. English Neoclassical architect College of Surgeons 1813. Founder, Royal Academy.

Dark Ages. c500-1000. Period of decline, frequent war. Little documentation survives.

Darrow, Clarence. 1857-1938. US defense lawyer for Leopold and Loeb, Scopes, Debs.

David, Louis. 1748-1825. French republican. Neoclassical painter. Oath of the Horatii 1784. Marat 1793. Coronation of Napoleon 1808.

Dawes, Charles. 1865-1951. US statesman. Dawes Plan.

Deacon. Christian cleric. Lowest rank of Episcopal Holy Orders. Protestant lay official.

Debussy, Claude. 1862-1918. French Impressionist composer. System of harmonic images. Nocturnes. La Mer 1905.

Declaration of Independence. July 4, 1776. American colonies declare independence from British rule during War of Independence.

Declaration of Rights. 1689. Rights, Bill of.

Declaration of the 26 Nations. 1942. Washington. First reference to United Nations. Agreement to no separate truce with Axis.

Declaration of the Rights of Man. 1789. Rights of Man, Declaration.

Delalande, Michel-Richard. 1657-1726. French ecclesiastic composer.

Delescluze, Charles. 1809-71. French journalist. Led 1871 Commune.

Delorme, Philibert. c1510-70. French Classical architect. Tuileries Palace 1564. Old Paris Hôtel de Ville.

Delphi. 7C BC-363 AD. Oracle of Apollo. Site of Pythian games.

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