Caffaro di Caschifellone. c1080-1166. Genoese crusader, wrote chronicles.

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. CND. 1958- Founded by Russell. Aldermaston Marches. The peace symbol, overlaid semaphore ND, was designed for the CND.

Camus, Albert. 1913-60. Existentialist absurd French writer: l’Étranger, Caligula.

Canada. 1000 Norse visit. 1497 Cabot explores. 1534 French claim Quebec. 1583 English claim, settle Newfoundland. 1605 French settle Quebec. 1763 British conquer French territory. 1867 Independent Dominion. 1870 +northwest territories. 1871 +British Columbia. 1873 +PEI. 1949 +Newfoundland, Labrador.

Canon Law. Governs church and clergy. Codex Juris Canonici 1917. Vatican Councils.

Canova, Antonio. 1757-1822. Venetian graceful Neoclassical sculptor. Tomb of Clement XIII. Orpheus 1779. Daedalus 1779. 3 Graces 1815.

Capernaum. Jesus’ second home and site of miracles.

Carducci, Giosue. 1835-1907. Italian Neoclassical poet.

Carlists. 1820-1937. Supporters, especially Basque, of Don Carlos’ claims vs Isabella under Salic Law.

Carlos, Don. 1788-1855. Claimed Spanish throne 1833, succeeding brother Ferdinand VII. Carlists.

Carter, Jimmy. 1924-. US President 1977-81. Camp David Talks. Habitat for Humanity.

Catholic League. 1576-93. Opposed Henry IV and Huguenots. Holy Leagues.

Chaco War. 1932-5. Paraguay defeats Bolivia’s claim on Gran Chaco. 100,000 dead.

Chadwick, Edwin. 1800-90. English campaigner for cleanliness to prevent disease. Poor Law Commission, 1832-46. Board of Health 1848-54.

Chadwick, James. 1891-1974. English discoverer of neutron.

Chain, Ernst. 1906-79. With Florey, purified penicillin.

Chalcedon, Council. 451. Clarified orthodox Catholic beliefs. Sees of Rome and Byzantium established. Christ’s dual nature.

Chamberlain, Austen. 1863-1937. British Statesman. Locarno Pact.

Chambers, Ephraim. c1680-1740. First English Cyclopaedia 1728, used by French Encyclopedists.

Chambord, Count de. 1820-83. Claimed French throne; inflexibility led to failure of Bourbon restoration negotiations 1874.

Chappe, Claude. 1763-1805. French engineer, physicist: Aerial telegraph 1792.

Château Clique. Small merchant group dominated government of Lower Canada to 1830s.

Cheever, John. 1912-82. US writer of middle-class America. Wapshot Chronicle 1957.

Chernobyl. 1986. Ukraine nuclear power plant disaster.

Cherubini, Luigi. 1760-1842. Italian/French composer. Classical form; French opera.

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