Lee, Robert E. 1807-70. Brilliant Confederate general. Captured John Brown. Surrender at Appomatox ended Civil War.

Levellers. 1645-50. English Civil War republican democratic party. Sought religious, political equality and end to monarchy.

Lilburne, John. 1614-57. English leader of Levellers during Civil War.

Lincoln, Abraham. 1809-65. US Republican president 1861-. Civil War. Gettysburg. Emancipation Proclamation. Assassinated. Booth.

Locke, John. 1632-1704. English philosopher. Empiricism-all knowledge is derived from experience: On Civil Government 1689. Essay Concerning Human Understanding 1690. ‘Sound mind in a sound body’. Evil brings pain, Good brings pleasure. Advocated separation of legislature from executive, as applied in Britain and US. Natural rights (property, pursuit of happiness, religion) influenced US Constitution, led to Enlightenment. Philosophical basis of French and American Revolutions. Epistemological foundations of modern Science.

Long Parliament. 1640-60. Civil War parliament. Ended Charles I attempt to govern without one.

Lucan. 39-65. Roman poet. Conspired vs Nero. Bellum Civile.

March on Washington. 1963. 200,000 in civil rights march led by King-“I have a dream”.

Margaret. Maid of Norway. 1283-90. Queen of Scotland 1286-. Betrothed to son of Edward I. Death led to England claiming Scotland, Civil War 1290-1314. Robert the Bruce.

Marston Moor, Battle. 1644. English Civil War turning point. Cromwell defeats Rupert.

Maya. 3-17C Yucatan civilization.

Merrimack. 1862. Fought Monitor in first battle of iron-clad ships. American Civil War.

Mesopotamia. 5000BC. Tigris-Euphrates river plain where civilization began. 550BC Persia. 331BC Alexander. 115 Rome. 637 Moslem. 13C Mongol. 1534 Ottoman. Babylon. Akkad. Ur. Iraq.

Miguel, Dom. 1802-66. Pretender to Portuguese throne 1828- causes Civil War 1831-4.

Militia Ordinance. 1642. Parliament takes over Militia. English Civil War.

Minoans. 3000-1100BC. Cretan civilization. Maritime power. Minos.

Montrose, James Graham, Marq. of. 1612-50. Scottish general for Charles I in Civil War. Executed.

Montrose Campaign. 1644-5. Scotland defeats England in Civil War.

Mursa, Battle. 351. Roman civil wars. Rebel Magnentius defeated by Constantius II. 54,000 dead.

Muslim Civil War. 656-61 Sunni Muawiya defeats Shi’ite Ali for leadership starting Umayyad dynasty. 683-92 Umayyad put down Syrian rebellion. 809-13 Iraq vs Iran. 1008-31 Moslem Spanish gain autonomy from Umayyad.

Mycenaeans. c1600-c1100BC. Greek civilization. Time of Homer’s epics. Late Bronze Age. Ended with Dorian invasion.

NAACP. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 1909-. For US black civil rights. Niagara Movement. Du Bois.

Naseby, Battle. 1645. English Civil War. Fairfax and Cromwell defeat Royalists.

National Covenant. 1638. Oath to maintain Scottish Presbyterianism against Charles I episcopacy. 1638-90. Presbyterians persecuted in Scotland. 1643-67 Solemn League allied with Parliament in Civil War. 1647-supported Charles. 1661 illegal.

New Model Army. 1645. English parliamentary army replaced private armies. Won Civil War.

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