Strathclyde. 6C Celtic kingdom. 756 Northumbria. 921 England. 945 Scotland.

Stuart. Family which ruled Scotland 1371-1714, England 1603-1714.

Stuart, Frances. 1648-1702. “Only true love” of Charles II of England.

Sunday School. 1580 Milan. 1780 England. 1786 Virginia. Raikes.

Sweyn. -1014. Danish king c987-. Conquered Norway 1000, England 1013. Canute’s father.

Taxation. On Income 1193. On Cooking Oil: 1000BC Egypt. Foreigners: 400BC Greece. Imports 1CBC Rome. Property: 453BC Greece, 1642 England. Sales: 49BC Rome. 1973 UK VAT. Inheritance: 23BC Rome. Salt: 1286-1790 France. Hair Powder: 1795-1869 Hearths: 1663-89. Cards: 1615. Whiskey. Eisphora. Boadicea. Godiva. Danegeld. Domesday Book. Tithes.

Tea. c2700BC China. 6C Europe. 1657 England.

Telegraph. 1794 France Semaphore. 1795 England Shutter. 1835 Morse. 1851 London-Paris. 1901 Transatlantic.

Third Coalition, War. 1805. England, Austria, Russia, Sweden beaten by France, Spain despite Trafalgar victory. Ulm. Austerlitz. Coalition.

Tinchebrai, Battle. 1106. Henry I re-unifies Normandy, England.

Tobacco. 1492 Cuba. 1493 Columbus brings to Europe. 1565 Hawkins brings to England. 1586 Raleigh brings to England.

Toleration, Act of. 1689. England. Religious freedom for non-conformists.

Tostig. -1066. Brother of English Harold II. Aided William the Conqueror and Norway’s Harold III invasions of England.

Towton, Battle. 1461. York victory in War of Roses. Henry VI fled England. Edward IV took crown.

Trafalgar, Battle. 1805. Nelson’s victory over the French and Spanish fleets. British naval superiority secured. Nelson killed. Ends Napoleon’s plans to invade England.

Triple Alliance. 1668 England, United Provinces, Sweden vs France to protect Spanish Netherlands. 1717 France, England, Dutch Republic vs Spain...Quadruple Alliance. 1788-90 British, Dutch Republic, Prussia vs spread of Russo-Swedish War. 1795. England, Austria, Russia vs threat of French Revolution.1882-1914. Germany, Austria, Italy vs Triple Entente.

Tudor. Welsh dynasty. Ruled England 1485-1603.

Ulster. 5C Independent kingdom. 1171 De Courci conquers for England. 1594-1601 Failed rebellion. 1610 Presbyterian Scots settle. 1920 Northern Ireland.

Union Act. 1707. England and Scotland united as Great Britain. One parliament; separate law and religion. 1801-1921. Ireland and Great Britain united as United Kingdom. Proposed by Irish Parliament 1799. Ireland Act. Anglo-Irish Treaty.

Usury. Maximum interest rates: Rome 50BC: 12%, 529: 8%. Islam 622: 0%. Christian 1311: 0%. England: 1623 8%, 1651 6%, 1713 5%, 1854 eliminated. USA, by State: 5-45%

Utrecht, Treaties. 1713-14. Ended War of Spanish Succession. Austria gains Netherlands. France cedes Newfoundland, Hudson’s Bay, Nova Scotia to England. Spain cedes Gibraltar, Minorca to England.

Vagrancy Acts. England. 1459 Authorized imprisonment. 1530 whipping. 1535 mutilation. 1597 included entertainers. 1713 branding prohibited.

Varangian Guard. 977-15C. Byzantine infantry recruited from Scandinavia and later England.

Vienna, Treaty. 1725. Spain, Austria pledge to aid Stuart restoration in England. 1738 Ends War of Polish Succession. 1809 =Schönbrunn Treaty. 1864 Denmark cedes Schleswig- Holstein to Prussia. 1866 Seven Weeks War. Austria cedes Venice to Italy.

Wager of Battle. Trial by Combat. 8C-1817. Norse custom in England. Accused challenges accuser to combat-acquitted if he refuses.

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