Heidelberg Catechism. 1563. Calvinist confession used by Reformed churches.

Helvetic Confessions. 1636,62. Swiss Reform church doctrines. 2nd widely adopted.

Henry VIII. 1491-1547. King of England 1509-. Executed Thomas More. Established Church of England. Dissolved monasteries. Six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

Hipparchus. c190-120BC. First star catalogue. Epicyclic planetary motion around earth. Astrolabe 130.

Howells, Herbert. 1892-1983. British church music composer.

Hung Hsiu-ch’üan. 1814-64. Led Tai-Ping Rebellion. Claimed to be Christ’s brother. Founded new religion based on Chinese unity.

Hutchinson, Anne. 1591-1643. Expelled from Massachussets. by Puritans, founded Rhode Is. 1637.

Iamblichus. c250-330. Syrian NeoPlatonist philosopher. Theurgy replaces spiritual mysticism. De Mysteriis.

Ignatius of Antioch, St. -c107. Syrian martyr. Clarified Catholic beliefs. -“Catholic Church”.

Ignatius of Constantinople, St. c799-877. Greek Catholic Iconophile.

Immaculate Conception. 1854. Established as RC dogma.

Index Expurgatorius. 1601- Vatican list of books to be expurgated.

Index Librorum Prohibitorium. 1564-1966. Vatican list of prohibited reading.

Indulgence. 800 Pardon for sin in place of penance. Granted by church, 12C as reward to Crusaders. Sold by church, 1313-. Abuse by Leo X led to Reformation.

Infallibility, Papal. 1870. Pope cannot err on matters of faith, morals. Approved by first Vatican Council after heated debate.

Inquisition. Group of tribunals dedicated to routing out heresy. Papal. 1231-18C. Formalized by Gregory IX. Torture to obtain confession authorized by Innocent IV 1252. Roman. 1542-1908. RC church vs Protestantism. Galileo. Spanish. 1478-1834. Formed by Isabella and Ferdinand to persecute Jews and Moslems. Torquemada. Auto-da-fé.

Iron Curtain. 1946. Churchill’s name for Russia’s increasing influence in Eastern Europe. Dining à la Russe refers to carving being done behind an iron screen.

James V. 1512-42. Catholic king of Scotland, 1513-. Allied with France vs Henry VIII.

Jerusalem, Synod. 1672. Eastern Orthodox Church denounces Calvinism and Lutheranism.

Karsh, Yousuf. 1908-. US/Canadian portrait photographer of international celebrities. Churchill 1941.

Knights of Columbus. 1882-. US RC men’s lay organization.

Knox, John. 1514-72. Scottish reformer, founder of austere Presbyterian Church of Scotland 1561.

Kuchuk Kainarji, Treaty. 1774. Ottomans restore Black Sea ports to Russia. Independent Crimea.

Kulturkampf. c1871-87. Bismarck tries to control Roman Catholic Church. Accomodation reached.

Kuomintang. KMT. 1911-49. Chinese nationalist party in power 1928-49. Founded by Sun Yat-sen. Overthrew Manchu dynasty. Expelled to Taiwan by Communist Party. Chiang Kai-shek.

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