Slavery. Babylon. Egypt. Greece. Rome. European colonies 1440s-19C. 1502 First blacks shipped to America. 1562- Trade. 1807 abolished in Britain, 1833 throughout Empire. 1816 Morocco abolished Christian slaves. 1851 Colombia, 1861 USA, 1930 Liberia. 2001 27M slaves in Mauritania, Sudan, Asia, Brazil.

Spiritualists, Greater World. 1931. Christian sect communicating with the dead.

Sprengel, Christian. 1750-1816. Plant fertilization.

Stephen, St. -31. First Christian martyr.

Stephen, St. 969-1038. First king of Hungary 1000-. Converted to Christianity.

Stockholm Bloodbath. 1520. Danish Christian II kills 80 nobles. Swedish fight for independence.

Sture, Sten. 1440-1503. Swedish patriot, regent 1470~1503. Opposed Kalmar Union. Defeated Christian I, deposed John in Sweden.

Sudan. 4000BC = Nubia. c3000BC Egypt. 11-4C BC Cush Empire. c350 Aksum. 6C Christian. 15C Moslem. 1821 Egypt. 1898 Kitchener conquers...1899 Anglo/Egypt administration. 1956 Independent.

Sullivan, Arthur. 1842-1900. British composer. Operetta form. Mikado 1885. HMS Pinafore 1878. Onward Christian Soldiers. Gilbert.

Sweden. c8000BC Settled. 9C Rurik establishes Russ dynasty. c1000 Christian. 1319 +Norway. 1397 Kalmar Union. 1520 Revolt. 1523 Independence Vasa dynasty. 1809 -Finland. 1814 +Norway. 1905 -Norway.

Temperance Movement. 1808 Begun in NY by women and churches. 1874 WCTU. 1890 Carry Nation. 1893 Anti-Saloon League. Prohibition.

Ten Commandments. Decalogue. Laws God gave Moses on stone tablets. Fundamental to Judaism/Christianity/Islam. No other gods, idols, swearing. Remember the sabbath. Honor parents. Do not kill, commit adultery, steal, bear false witness, covet.

Tertullian. c160-220. Carthaginian theologian. Influenced Christianity. Became Montanist. Founded Tertullianism.

Thomas Aquinas, St. 1225-74. Italian Dominican scholar. 5 Proofs of God. An eternal law governs all physical and moral behaviour. Summa Theologica. Thomism. Reconciled Aristotle’s reason with Christian faith.

Tillich, Paul. 1886-1965. German/US Christian philosopher. Courage To Be 1952. Systematic Theology 1951-63..

Timothy, St. -c97. Christian Martyr. First bishop of Ephesus.

Tithes. 10% tax paid to church. Implemented by Christians, 4C-9C. Enforced by law 8C; 10C England. Abolished: 1789 France, 1887 Italy, 1871 Ireland. 1836 England converted to rent and reduced; abolished 1936.

Tolstoy, Lev. 1828-1910. Russian historical novelist. Moralist. Occupied with social reforms; freed his serfs. Founded Christian anarchist religion. War and Peace 1863-9. Anna Karenina 1875-7.

Trinity. Christian doctrine that God has single essence in 3 divine persons: Father, Son, Holy Spirit.

Unitarianism. 1546. Christian doctrine of Socinus denying Trinity. God is one indivisible force. Biddle.

Usury. Maximum interest rates: Rome 50BC: 12%, 529: 8%. Islam 622: 0%. Christian 1311: 0%. England: 1623 8%, 1651 6%, 1713 5%, 1854 eliminated. USA, by State: 5-45%

Valentine, St. c270. 2 Christians martyred by Claudius II. Modern celebration derives from Roman Lupercalia fertility festival.

Vandals. Germans fleeing Huns, invaded Gaul, Spain 409 and Africa 429-534. Sacked Rome 455. Arians, persecuted other Christians. Routed by Byzantines 533.

Vladimir I, St. 956-1015. First Christian Russian ruler. Ordered people to convert.

Waldenses. 1170-. Austere heretical Christian sect. Founded by Waldo at Lyons. Persecuted in France, Italy, England.

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