St Vincent and the Grenadines. Carib. 1498 Columbus discovers. 1763 English. 1773 Treaty with Caribs. 1795 Carib revolt fails, most deported. 1871 Windward Is. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1969 Autonomous. +Grenadines. 1979 Independent.

Stanhope, James. 1673-1721. English general. Negotiated Triple, Quadruple Alliances.

States General. French Representative Assembly. 1302 First summoned by Philip IV. 14-15C Controlled taxes; failed to control government. 1789 last summoned by Louis XVI. 1=Clergy. 2=Nobility. 3=Bourgeoisie.

States’ Rights. US political doctrine. Restricts federal power.

Stauffenberg, Claus von. 1907-44. Failed attempt to assassinate Hitler 1944.

Stein, Gertrude. 1874-1946. US avante-garde writer. Autobiography of Alice B Toklas 1933. Coined “Lost Generation”.

Stentor. Homer’s herald. Voice of 50 men.

Steuben, Baron von. 1730-94. Prussian general. Trained, organized American Revolution army 1778-.

Stilicho , Flavius. c365-408. Roman general. Repulsed Goths, Vandals.

Stolypin, Pyotr. 1862-1911. Russian Prime Minister 1906-. Used secret police to control revolutionaries. Moderate reforms.

Storting. 1814-. Bicameral Norwegian parliament.

Strasser, Gregor. 1892-1934. German Nazi leader, Hitler rival. Assassinated.

Strauss, Richard. 1864-1949. Traditional German composer of symphonic poems, operas. Don Juan 1889. Salome 1905. Also Sprach Zarathustra 1909.

Sturm und Drang. 1760-80. German anti-enlightenment literary movement. Goethe. Klinger.

Sudetenland. German speaking area of Czechoslovakia given to Hitler by Munich Agreement 1938.

Suffolk Resolves. 1774. American colonists pledge disobedience to Intolerable Acts. End trade with Britain.

Sumter, Fort. 1861. Confederate attack. First aggression of American Civil War.

Surrealism. 1920-. Artistic and literary movement dealing with the expression of the subconscious mind, fantasy, dreams. Klee, Dali, de Chirico, Chagall.

Suzerainty. Authority over a state’s foreign affairs by another state.

Swedish Academy. 1786. Awards Nobel Literature prizes.

Symbolists. 19C French literary movement expressing truth subjectively by symbols. Spread to art, music. Verlaine. Mallarmé. Munch.

Syndicalism. 1900-39. Union movement vs capitalistic order by direct action, general strikes. Sorel. IWW.

Tagore, Rabindranath. 1861-1941. Bengali writer. Blending eastern, western thought.

Taisho. 1879-1926. Japanese Emperor 1912-. Modernization, liberalism, imperialism.

Tamworth Manifesto. 1834. Peel’s moderate reforms as British Conservative Party platform.

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