Tz’u-hsi. 1835-1908. Dowager empress of China 1861-. Regent for T’ung-chi. Resisted reforms. Boxer Rebellion.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1948. United Nations list of rights to be accorded people by their governments. Rejected by USSR, China, Poland, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, many Moslem countries. Signed by Russia, 1996.

Vietnam. Annam. 209BC Nam Vet kingdom. 111BC China. 2C Funan, 939 Independent. Khmer, Cham, Mongol invasions repelled. 1407 Ming. 1867 France (S). 1883 Tonkin, Annam French protectorates(N). 1940 Japanese occupy. 1945 Independent. 1946-54 French Indochina War. 1954 Communist Democratic Republic (N). 1955 Republic (S). 1962 Vietnam War. 1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam 1987 Economic liberalization. 1995 US recognition.

Vietnam War. 1946-54. =Indo China War. 1962-75. Democratic South Vietnam falls to Communists despite US aid to 1973.

Wang Ching-wei. 1883-1944. Chiang Kai-shek rival. Governor of Japanese China 1938-44.

Warlords. 1916-49. China generals seized local power on Yüan Shih-K’ai’s death. Last eliminated by communists.

Warring States. 481-221BC. Chinese period of many small feuding kingdoms.

Wei. 220-80. Southern China dynasty. Conquered Shu Han 264, Wu 280.

White Lotus Rebellion. 1796-1804. China. Buddhists vs Manchu. Suppressed. Showed Ch’ing decline.

Wu P’ei-fu. 1873-1939. Warlord. Fought, failed to unify China 1916-26.

Yezhovshchina. 1936-8. Stalin’s Purge led by NKVD chief Yezhovshchina.