Templars. 1119-1312. Founded by Baldwin II and 9 knights in the Holy Land to protect pilgrims. Created International banking system, 9,000 commanderies, and owned 1/4 of Paris when dissolved by Philip IV, 1307; and Edward II, 1308. Council of Vienne.

Ten Commandments. Decalogue. Laws God gave Moses on stone tablets. Fundamental to Judaism/Christianity/Islam. No other gods, idols, swearing. Remember the sabbath. Honor parents. Do not kill, commit adultery, steal, bear false witness, covet.

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord. 1809-92. English poet laureate. Charge of the Light Brigade 1855. Enoch Arden 1864. Crossing the Bar.

Teresa, Mother. 1910-97. Macedonian founder of Missionaries of Charity, 1948.

Terpsichore. The Muse of dancing and lyric poetry.

Terror, The. 1793-4. 17000 executed by revolutionary tribunal in French Revolution. Robespierre.

Tertullian. c160-220. Carthaginian theologian. Influenced Christianity. Became Montanist. Founded Tertullianism.

Tessin, Nicodemus, the Elder. 1615-81. Swedish architect. Drottningholm 1662.

Tetzel, Johann. c1465-1519. German monk. Sold indulgences by threats causing Luther’s protests.

Thaïs. 4C BC. Athenian mistress of Alexander the Great.

Thales. c624-546BC. Greek philosopher/scientist. Predicted eclipse, 585. First to enunciate the existence of natural laws of science. Water as basis of all matter. Critical discussion leads to knowledge. Static electricity.

Thalia. The Muse of comedy.

Thaw, the. 1954-7. Relaxed government control on Soviet literature.

Theater of the Absurd. 1950-70. Depicts human condition as meaningless. Beckett. Ionesco.

Théâtre-Libre. 1887. Paris independent experimental theater.

Thebes. 1500-335BC Boeotian Greek city razed by Alexander the Great. Oedipus.

Theiler, Max. 1899-1972. South African/US scientist. Yellow fever vaccine.

Theism. Belief in God’s existence by faith.

Themis. Greek goddess of wisdom, justice.

Themistocles. c523-460BC. Athenian archon, naval leader 493-480BC. Defeated Persians at Salamis, 480. Rebuilt Acropolis. Started Piraeus harbour.

Theocracy. Government by God through clergy.

Theocritus. c310-250BC. Greek originator of pastoral poetry.

Theodora. c500-48. Byzantine Empress, adviser, wife of Justinian I.

Theodore, St. c602-90. Archbishop of Canterbury; organized English church.

Theodore of Mopsuestia. 350-428. Greek bishop. Scientific bible study influenced Nestorius.

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