Charles IV, the Fair. 1294-1328. King of France 1322-, and Navarre. Won part of Aquitaine from England. Last Capetian.

Charles V. 1500-1558. Hapsburg king of Netherlands 1515-55, Spain 1516-56, Germany 1519-. Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56. Fought Francis I. Divided Austria from Spain. Fought Turks.

Charles V, the Wise. 1338-80. King of France 1364-. New rampart around Paris.

Charles IX. 1550-74. King of France 1560-. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Charles X. 1757-1836. King of France 1824-30. Overthrown by revolt.

Charles X Gustav. 1622-60. Swedish king 1654-. Gt. Northern War.

Charles Emmanuel I. 1562-1630. Duke of Savoy. Last attack vs Geneva, 1602. Escalade.

Charles Martel. The Hammer. 685-741. Unified Franks. Poitiers victory. Charlemagne’s grandfather.

Charles the Bold. 1433-77. Duke of Burgundy. Adversary of Louis XI.

Christian Socialism. 19C. Kingsley’s appeal to upper class to help the masses.

Coldstream Guards. 1650. Marched to London to restore Charles II.

Commonwealth. 1649-60. Government of England after Charles I executed. Cromwell.

Cornwallis, Charles. 1738-1805. British General. Ended American Revolution by surrender at Yorktown.

Coty, René. 1882-1962. President of France, 1954-59. Algerian Crisis 1958, led to return of deGaulle.

Coulomb, Charles de. 1736-1806. French naval engineer, defined unit of electricity. Electrical attraction 1785.

Cour Carrée. Central court of Louvre designed by Percier and Fontaine.

Cromwell, Oliver. 1599-1658. Led revolution in England, 1649. Lord Protector of the Realm, 1653-. Commonwealth Head of Government, 1649-. Signed Charles I death warrant.

Dana, Charles. 1819-97. US journalist, editor. Attacked corruption.

Darwin, Charles. 1809-1882. English Naturalist. His Theory of Evolution supported Materialism. Origin of Species by Natural Selection 1859. Descent of Man 1871.

Dawes, Charles. 1865-1951. US statesman. Dawes Plan.

DeGaulle, Charles. 1890-1970. Led Free French during WWII. Provisional President 1944-6. President 58-69. Fifth Republic.

Delescluze, Charles. 1809-71. French journalist. Led 1871 Commune.

Devolution, War of. 1667-8. French fail to sieze Spanish Netherlands for Marie-Thérèse vs Charles II. Triple Alliance. Aix-la-Chapelle.

Dickens, Charles. 1812-1870. English popular humanitarian writer and social critic. Created original, colorful memorable characters. Pickwick Papers 1837. Oliver Twist 1838. Christmas Carol 1843. David Copperfield 1850. Great Expectations 1861.

Divine Right. 16-18C. Assertion that king’s authority came from God. Louis XIV. James I. Charles I.

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