Döllinger, Johann von. 1799-1890. German theologian. Opposed Papal infallibility. Excommunicated.

Edgar Aetheling. 1050-1130. Anglo-Saxon prince who submitted to William I.

Epidaurus. Ancient Greek healing center.

Expressionism. 1920-24. German drama style showing writers’ feelings. Author/hero.

France. 6C BC Celt, Greek colonies. 51BC Rome. 3-5C Franks, Visigoths inv. 481 Merovingian emp. 751 Carolingian. 843 Split = W Frankish Kingdom. 987 Capetian. 1016 + Burgundy. 1378 Valois dyn. 1589 Bourbon dyn. 1792 Republic. 1799 Consulate. 1804 Empire. 1814 Monarchy rest. 1848 2nd Republic. 1852 2nd Empire. 1870 3rd Republic. 1940 German occupation. 1946 4th Republic. 1958 5th Republic.

Frankish Kingdom, East. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern Germany.

Frankish Kingdom, West. 843. Division of Carolingian Empire. ≈modern France. Franks.

Galileo Galilei. 1564-1642. Italian physicist. Planetary motion. Thermometer 1592. Acceleration of falling bodies 1604. Astronomical telescope 1609. Sunspots 1610. Arrested for heliocentricity, 1632. Rehabilitated by Vatican 1992. Copernicus.

Gatling, Richard. 1818-1903. US inventor of automatic gun 1861.

Gibbon, Grinling. 1648-1720. English woodcarver on Wren’s buildings. St. Paul’s. Blenheim.

Grieg, Edvard. 1843-1907. Norwegian “miniaturist” composer: Peer Gynt 1875. Gentle and appealing music.

Grimaldi. 1297~. Ruling family of Monaco.

Holocaust. 1939-45. Nazi killing of of Jews, minorities, opponents and POWs in concentration camps. Final Solution. 5.8 million Jews and 5-11 million non-Jews.

Jagiello. 14-16C. Dynasty ruling Bohemia, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania.

Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi. 1207-73. Persian Sufi poet. Founded Whirling Dervishes. Spiritual Couplets.

Joukov, Gheorgi. 1896-1974. Soviet marshal, won battles of Moscow 1941, Stalingrad 1943.

Joyce, James. 1882-1941. Innovative Irish writer in Stream of Consciousness style. Experimented with linguistic techniques. Dubliners 1914. Portrait of the Artist 1916. Ulysses 1922. Finnegan’s Wake 1939.

Kamerlingh Onnes, Heicke. 1853-1926. Liquified helium 1908. Superconductivity 1911.

Kierkegaard, Sören. 1813-55. Danish founder of Existentialism. Either-Or 1843. Fear and Trembling 1843. Influenced Heidegger. Individual must consciously choose among life’s alternatives.

Kipling, Rudyard. 1865-1936. English/Indian writer. Compelling, emotional, poetic. Jungle Book 1894. Kim 1901. Imperialist:- “White Man’s Burden”.

Klinger, Friedrich. 1752-1831. German writer. Sturm und Drang 1776 inspires movement.

Korzybski, Alfred. 1879-1950. Polish/US linguist. General semantics 1933.

Kushan. 78-220. Dynasty ruling Afghanistan, north India.

Laissez-Faire. Motto of 19C liberals calling for free markets and trade. Smith. “Laissez-faire, laissez-passer, laissez-aller”-Legendre 1680.

Lancaster. 1399~1471. Dynasty ruling England. Henry IV to VI. War of Roses.

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