SS. 1928-1945. Nazi police reporting directly to Hitler. Blackshirts. Gestapo. Himmler. SA.

Ssu-ma Ch’ien. 145-85BC. First great Chinese historian.

St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. 1572. Catherine de Medici has 2000 Huguenots killed by Charles IX.

St-Denis Basilica. 1137-44. Romanesque-Gothic transformation point. Burial place of French kings. Suger.

St-Germain, Treaty. 1570 French Wars of Religion. 1919 Created Republic of Austria.

St-Germain-des-Prés. Paris church. 990-1021 on the site of 542 monastery by Childebert.

St-Germain-L’Auxerrois. 13-15C. Church by Louvre gave signal for Massacre of St-Bartholomew.

St-Gervais-St-Protais. 1616-21. Church by Métezeau. First classical style building in Paris.

St Kitts and Nevis. St Kitts: Carib. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1623,4 British, French settle, dispute. 1783 British. Nevis: 1628 British settle. 1816 St Kitts +Nevis, Anguilla, Virgin Islands. 1871 Leeward Islands Federation. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 St Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla Autonomous. 1980 -Anguilla. 1983 Independent.

St Lucia. Carib Arawak. 17C English fail to settle. 1650 French settle. 1803 Britain. 1838 Windward Is. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 Autonomous. 1979 Independent.

St Paul’s. London Cathedral. 1287 Original. 1701 Wren finished.

St Peter’s. 1506-1615. Vatican Basilica. World’s largest. Tomb of St Peter. Bramante. Michelangelo. Raphael. Model for many government buildings.

St Pierre and Miquelon. 1635 French occupy. 17, 18C French, English dispute. 1814 French. 1947 French Overseas Territory.

St-Quentin, Battle. 1557. Philip II of Spain beseiges + seizes French town.

St Vincent and the Grenadines. Carib. 1498 Columbus discovers. 1763 English. 1773 Treaty with Caribs. 1795 Carib revolt fails, most deported. 1871 Windward Is. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1969 Autonomous. +Grenadines. 1979 Independent.

Staël, Germaine de. 1766-1817. French woman of letters. Opposed Napoleon. Exiled. Corinne 1807. Germany 1810.

Stafford, Henry. 1454-83. Aided, then opposed Richard III. Executed.

Stahl, Georg. 1660-1734. German chemist. Animalism-soul controls bodily functions. Theory of Combustion 1702.

Standard Time. 1884. Standardized one hour divisions from Greenwich. Fleming.

Stanford, Charles. 1852-1924. Irish composer, led revival of English music. Irish Rhapsodies.

Star Chamber. 1327-1641. English tribunal to try offences against the state. Abused by Charles I.

States General. French Representative Assembly. 1302 First summoned by Philip IV. 14-15C Controlled taxes; failed to control government. 1789 last summoned by Louis XVI. 1=Clergy. 2=Nobility. 3=Bourgeoisie.

Stavisky Affair. 1933-4. French scandal. Fraudulent bonds sold. Belief in government corruption causes riots.

Ste. Chapelle. 1246-8. Paris. Architect: Pierre de Montreuil. Built to house The Crown of Thorns.

Steele, Richard. 1672-1729. English dramatist, essayist. Tatler 1709-11. Spectator 1711-12.

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