Jeffreys of Wem, Baron. 1645-89. Bloody Assizes judge. Extortion, corruption. Lord Chancellor 1685-8.

Jehovah’s Witnesses. 1879-. Christian sect believing in Christ’s imminent second coming. Founded by Russell. Publish Watchtower and Awake!. Yahweh.

Jemmapes, Battle. 1792. Dumouriez defeats Austrians. French occupy Belgium.

Jennings, Peter. 1950-. British author/inventor. Microchess 1976. Visidex 1980. Pocket History 1986-2009. MagicNotch 1990.

Jennings, Sarah. 1660-1744. Influential Duchess of Marlborough in court of Queen Anne.

Jericho. c9000BC. First walled city. 2300BC Amorite. 1900BC Canaanite. c1300BC Israelites destroy.

Jericho, Battle. ~1300BC. Israelis under Joshua capture city.

Jerusalem. 3500BC settled. c1000BC David conquers for Israel. 721BC Assyrians conquer. Lost Tribes. 586BC Nebuchadnezzar. 539BC Cyrus. 332BC Alexander...320BC Ptolemy I Soter. 197BC Seleucid. 167BC Hasmonaean. 63BC Rome. 324 Byzantine. 614 Persia. 637 Moslem. 1099 Crusades. Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1260 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1917 British Mandate. 1949 Israel/Jordan. 1967 Israel re-unites. 1996 Israel/Palestinian Authority.

Jerusalem, Synod. 1672. Eastern Orthodox Church denounces Calvinism and Lutheranism.

Jesuit Order. Society of Jesus.1534-. Founded by Loyola. Vows of poverty, chastity, and perfect obedience to Pope. Missionary and educational work. Dissolved 1773; restored 1814.

Jesus. c6BC-c30. Jewish prophet, believed by Christians to be the Messiah, son of God. Crucified. Resurrected. Life and death were inspiration for Christianity.

Jewish Agency. 1929-. Founded by Weizmann to support Zionist cause in Palestine.

Jewish Era. Began 3761BCE. Year of creation calculated from Biblical evidence. Christian Era. Muhammadan Era.

Jibril. Islamic archangel. God’s messenger to Muhammad. = Gabriel.

Joachim, Joseph. 1831-1907. Hungarian violinist/composer.

Joachim, St. Mary’s father.

Joffre, Joseph. 1852-1931. French marshal. Won at Marne 1914. French Commander-in-Chief 1914-16.

John, St. The Baptist. -28. Baptised Christ. Beheaded for Salome by Herod Antipas.

John, St. The Evangelist. -c100. Apostle of Christ. Wrote 4th Gospel, Revelations.

John III. 1629-96. King of Poland 1674-. “Champion of Christendom” saved Vienna from Turks 1683.

John V. 1332-91. Byzantine Empire 1341~91. Tried to unite East-West Schism to fight Turks.

John XXII. 1244-1334. Pope 1316-. Avignon. Condemned Franciscans. Imprisoned antipope Nicholas V.

John Baptist de la Salle, St. 1651-1789. French priest. Founded Reims school.

John Birch Society. 1958-. Right-wing US anti-Communist movement. Birch.

John of Brienne. 1148-1237. French. Led 5th Crusade. King of Jerusalem 1210-25.

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