Gorbachev, Mikhail. 1931-. Leader of USSR 1985-91. Major reforms. Glasnost. Perestroika.

Gordon, Charles. 1833-85. British colonial administrator in Sudan, China. Taiping Rebellion.

Gorky, Maxim. 1868-1936. Russian writer. Childhood 1913-14.

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

Gothic Art. 13C-. Church sculpture, illuminated manuscripts. Less idealized than Classical. Emotions portrayed.

Gottwald, Klement. 1896-1953. Czech Communist President 1948-. Overthrew Beneš in coup.

Goujon, Jean. 1510-68. French sculptor. Fontaine des Innocents 1548/9.

Gounod, Charles. 1818-93. French composer: Faust 1859.

Gracchus, Tiberius. c163-133BC. Roman tribune 133, reformer. Killed in riot. Scipio.

Gräfe, Albrecht. 1828-70. German ophthalmologist. Glaucoma, 1857. Cataract treatment, 1867.

Grand Alliance, War of. 1689-97. Spain, Sweden, England, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs French expansionism. Negotiated Peace. King William’s War. Namur. Augsburg League.

Grand Canal. 4C BC-1400. China. World’s longest, 1,000 miles.

Grand Remonstrance. 1641. Grievances presented to Charles I by Long Parliament.

Grandfather Clause. -1915. S US states limited vote to those enfranchised by 1866/7.

Grands Rhétoriqueurs. 15-16C. French poets. Deschamps, DeMachaut.

Grant, Ulysses S. 1822-85. Commander-in-Chief Union army 1864-5 in US Civil War. President 1869-77.

Gravelines, Battle. 1558. Spanish defeat French.

Gray, Thomas. 1716-71. English poet. Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 1751.

Great Leap Forward. 1958-61. Failed Chinese program for increased output by communes.

Great Schism. 1054. East-West Schism. 1378-1417. Period of rival Popes in Rome, Avignon, following Avignon Papacy.

Great Wall of China. Parts 4C BC. Joined 214-204BC.

Greco-Turkish War. 1897. Greece fails to annex Crete. 1920-22. Greece loses Thrace. Exchange of minorities.

Greece. c3000BC Minoan(Crete). c1500BC Achaean. 11C Aeolian, Ionian. c1100 Dorian. 683 Athens monarchy. 404 Sparta. 371 Thebes. 338 Macedonia...Alexander. 197BC Rome...Byzantine. 1453 AD Ottoman. 1829 Independent kingdom. 1912 +Crete. 1924 Republic. 1935 Constitutional Monarchy. 1973 Republic. 1981 EEC. 1994 EU.

Green, Hetty. 1835-1916. US miser. World’s richest woman.

Greenwich Meridian. 1884.

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