Galahad. Chaste Arthurian knight. Lancelot’s son. Holy Grail.

Galapagos. 1535 Berlanga discovers for Spain. 1832 Ecuador. 1835 Darwin visits.

Galerius. -311. Roman Emperor of the East, 305-. Persecuted Christians. Edict of Tolerance, 311.

Galicia. 6C Lechs/Ruthenians settle. 10C Russian. 1087 Independent prin. 1241 Mongol. 1349 Pol. 1772 Austrian. 1918 Pol. 1939 USSR(E).

Galland, Antoine. 1646-1715. French translator of Arabian Nights, introduced the story to Europe 1704.

Gallican Confession. 1559. French Calvinists’ statement of faith.

Gallicanism. 13-19C. French Catholic independence from papal authority. Conciliarism vs Ultramontanism.

Gallipoli. 1915-16. Unsuccessful Allied attempt to secure Dardanelles from Turkey. Churchill resigns as Lord of Admiralty.

Gallon. 1707 Queen Anne’s wine gallon=US gallon (231 cubic inches). 1824 Imperial gallon defined as 10 pounds of water.

Gambetta, Léon. 1838-82. French Third Republic leader.

Gambia, The. 1455 Portugal discovers. 1588 British settle. 17-18C French, British dispute. 1843 British Crown Colony. 1965 Independent. 1970 Republic.

Gang of Four. Chinese leaders, including Mao’s widow, convicted 1980 of Cultural Revolution abuses.

Garigliano, Battle. 1503. Spain defeats French invasion and wins Naples.

Garnerin, A-J. 1769-1823. French. First parachutist. Landed in Monceau park, Paris, 1797.

Garnier, Charles. 1825-98. French architect. Paris Opera House 1860.

Garnier, Franis. 1839-73. French sailor, conquered Tonkin.

Garros, Roland. 1888-1918. French aviator, first to cross Mediterranean.

Gastein, Convention. 1865. Schleswig-Holstein divided between Prussia and Austria.

Gatling, Richard. 1818-1903. US inventor of automatic gun 1861.

Gaucho. 18-19C Nomadic South American cowboy.

Gaudi, Antonio. 1852-1926. Barcelona architect: Sagrada Familia 1883-; Casa Mila 1905-7.

Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri. 1891-1915. French Vorticist sculptor.

Gauguin, Paul. 1848-1903. French Post-Impressionist painter typified by abstracted figures and flat planes of color. Tahitian Landscape. Day of the God 1894.

Gaullists. 1947-76. Supporters of DeGaulle’s programs. 1976. RPR.

Gautier, Théophile. 1811-72. French poet. -“Art for art’s sake”. Mlle de Maupin 1835.

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