Coué, Émile. 1857-1926. French Positivist psychotherapist. Autosuggestion. “Every day and in every way I am getting better and better.” 1920.

Count’s War. 1533-36. Danish war of succession. Confirmed Protestant Reformation and hereditary succession.

Cour Carrée. Central court of Louvre designed by Percier and Fontaine.

Cousin, Jean the Elder. 1490-1560. French painter. Eva Prima Pandora, early French nude.

Craig, James. 1871-1940. First Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, 1921-.

Cranach, Lucas. 1472-1553. German painter and engraver. Luther 1533.

Crédit Mobilier of America. 1865-72. Scandal involving illegal profits, graft in Union Pacific Railroad construction.

Creek War. 1813-14. Creek Indians defeated by Jackson, give up lands to US.

Crépy, Treaty. 1544. Ends 23 years of war between Holy Roman Empire and France.

Cricket. 1598 derived from Club ball. 1877 First Test Match Australia/England.

Crimean War. 1853-6. Russian attempt to get a Mediterranean port stopped by Turkey, England, France, Sardinia. Dispute over Holy places in Palestine.

Crispi, Francesco. 1819-1901. Italian Prime Minister 1887~96. Thousand.

Crispin and Crispinian, Sts. -c285. Martyred patron saints of shoemakers.

Cromwell, Oliver. 1599-1658. Led revolution in England, 1649. Lord Protector of the Realm, 1653-. Commonwealth Head of Government, 1649-. Signed Charles I death warrant.

Cromwell, Richard. 1626-1712. Lord Protector of England. 1658-9. Son of Oliver.

Crosby, Bing. 1904-77. US singer and actor. White Christmas-best selling record until 1998.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cubism. 1907. Braque and Picasso reduce painting to minimum geometric forms. Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907. Term coined by Braque 1909.

Cubism, Synthetic. 1913. Braque and Picasso create a collage form of painting.

Culpeper’s Rebellion. 1677-79. Carolina colonists vs England. Establish their own government.

Cumberland, Richard. 1631-1718. Philosopher, “father” of English Utilitarianism.

Cummings, e.e. 1894-1962. Eccentric US poet. Tulips and Chimneys 1923.

Cunaxa, Battle. 401BC. Failed revolt vs Artaxerxes II. Retreat of the Ten Thousand.

Cunningham, Andrew. 1883-1963. WWII admiral, British chief of naval staff 1943-6.

Curie, Marie. 1867-1934, and Pierre 1859-1906. Polish/French discoverers of radium, 1898.

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