Boyne, Battle. 1690. James II attempts to retake throne; defeated by William III, ending Catholic Stuart power in Ireland. Celebrated by Orangemen, Jul 12.

Breitenfeld, Battles. 1631,42. Swedish victories over Catholic League in 30 Years War. Sweden a great power.

Briand, Aristide. 1862-1932. French Prime Minister 1909~29, orator. “Separation of Church and State”, 1905. Advocated union of Europe. Kellogg-Briand.

Brunelleschi, Filippo. 1377-1446. Florentine architect. Dome of Florence Cathedral 1420. Perspective 1415.

Buisson, Ferdinand. 1841-1932. French educator. Founded League of Human Rights 1898.

Bull, John. Personification of England popularized by Arbuthnot 1712.

Burke, Edmund. 1729-97. English conservative writer, traditionalist political philosopher. Advocated emancipation of American colonies. Founded Annual Register 1758. Reflections on Revolution in France 1790.

Cahenslyism. 19C European Roman Catholics in US press Pope for pastors and parishes of their nationality.

Calles, Plutarco. 1877-1945. Mexican President. Banned RC church 1924-9.

Camisards. 1702-6. French Protestants who rebelled against Catholic persecution.

Canterbury Cathedral. 1070-89. First double transept.

Cardinal. 8C. Roman Catholic rank, 2nd to Pope.

Carol II. 1893-1953. Dictatorial Romanian king 1930-40. Abdicated after losing territory to Russia.

Catacombs. (Paris) 1785. Former quarry turned into ossuary. Headquarters of WWII French Resistance.

Catalan. Romance language of Andorra, NE Spain, SW France.

Catalonia. Iberians. Colonized by Phoenicia, Greece, Carthage. c200BC Rome. 5C Goths. 712 Moors. c788 Charlemagne. 1137 +Aragon. 1932 Autonomous. 1939 Spain.

Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty. 1559. Ended Italian Wars. Italy, Savoy to Spain. Calais to France.

Catesby, Robert. 1573-1605. Planned Gunpowder Plot.

Cathars. 11-14C. Christian Gnostic heretic sect. Albigens. 1030 burned in Italy.

Cathay. Medieval name for N China. Polo.

Cather, Willa. 1873-1947. US novelist. O Pioneers 1913.

Catherine, St. 4C. Virgin martyred on the wheel in Alexandria.

Catherine de Medici. 1519-89. Wife of Henry II, mother of 3 French kings, built Tuileries Palace. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Catherine I. c1684-1727. Empress of Russia 1725-.

Catherine II, the Great. 1729-96. Autocratic Empress of Russia, 1762-. Overthrew husband, Peter III. Annexed Crimea, Polish territory.

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