Alfonso X (the Wise). 1221-84. King of León and Castile. Codified laws, first history of Spain.

Algeria. c2000BC Berber. 12C BC Phoenicia...9C BC Carthage. 146 BC Rome. 429 Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 7C Moslem. c1500 Spain. 1518 Ottoman. 1671 Independent. 1830 France. 1962 Independent.

Alien and Sedition Acts. 1798-1800/02. US fear French Revolution. Forbade criticism of government. Abused by Federalists vs Republicans.

Allies. WWI and WWII.

Alma, Battle. 1854 Crimean War. French and British defeat Russians at Sebastapol.

Almohads. 1130-1269. Berber dynasty in Morocco and Spain. Ibn Tumart.

Almoravids. 1055-1147. Berber dynasty in Morocco and Spain. Yusuf ibn Tashufin.

Alphabet. 1500BC. Semitic invention developed through mnemonic, pictorial, ideographic, and phonetic stages.

Alpini, Prospero. 1553-1616. Italian physician. Introduced coffee and bananas to Europe.

Altdorfer, Albrecht. c1480-1538. German founder landscape painting.

Althing. 930~. Icelandic parliament. World’s oldest.

Altranstadt, Peace. 1706 Sweden-Poland: Augustus renounces Polish throne. 1707 Sweden-HRE: HRE buys Swedish neutrality in War of Spanish Succession. 1714 Louis XIV-Charles VI.

Alvarado, Pedro de. c1486-1541. Spanish conquerer of Guatemala and El Salvador. Conquistador to Mexico.

Amboina Massacre. 1623. 20 British and Japanese merchants executed by Dutch for plotting overthrow.

American Civil War. 1861-5. Abolitionist North defeats slave-owning South. Britain and France support South, Russia supports North. Union. Confederacy.

Amiens, Treaty. 1527. Henry VIII, Francis I ally vs Charles V. 1802. England, France, Spain, Holland end French Revolutionary Wars. Britain cedes captured territory, gains Ceylon, Trinidad.

Amin, Idi. c1926-. Uganda dictator 1971-9. Exile to France.

Amis, Kingsley. 1922-95. English novelist and poet. Angry Young Men. Lucky Jim 1954.

Amnesty International. 1961. Human rights watchdog NGO fighting for political prisoners and victims of torture. MacBride.

Ampère, André. 1775-1836. Physicist: related magnetism to electric current, 1820. Galvanometer 1824.

Amphityron. Greek husband, impersonated by Zeus to seduce Alcmene.

Amyot, Jacques. 1513-93. French humanist and Plutarch translator.

Anarchism. 19C Philosophy: “Every man should be his own government, his own law, his own church”-Owen. Thoreau’s return to nature, passive resistance, and no taxes influenced Ghandi. Proudhon. Tolstoy. Godwin.

Anatolia. 1900BC Hittite(C)/ Akkadian(E). 1200BC Phrygian. 8C Lydia. 546 Cyrus. 334BC Alexander. 133 AD Rome...Byzantine. 1071 Seljuk. 1243 Mongol/Crusaders. 1307 Ottoman. 1920 Turkey.

Anaximander. c611-547BC. Miletan (Greek) philosopher. First Greek maps. Attempted systematic explanation of Universe. Named zodiac signs 560BC.

2207 more results ...