Melchites. 451-. Middle Eastern Roman Catholic sect with rites in Arabic, affirming Christ’s dual human/divine nature.

Mendeleyev, Dmitri. 1834-1907. Russian chemist: periodic classification of the elements 1869.

Menshikov, Aleksandr. c1672-1729. Ruled Russia for Catherine I.

Mercator, Gerardus. 1512-94. Flemish cartographer. Projection of globe onto flat surface 1569. Atlas 1595.

Metellus, Macedonicus. -115BC. Roman censor. Advocated compulsory marriage to increase birthrate 131BC.

Modernism. 19C Movement to reinterpret Roman Catholicism based on science, psychology. Declared heretical, 1907. Loisy. Tyrrell.

Momus. Greek personification of ridicule, humiliation.

Montessori, Maria. 1870-1952. Italian educator. System based on spontaneity and self motivation 1907.

Moray, James Stuart, Earl of. c1531-70. Scottish Regent 1567-. Promoted Reformation after Mary’s abdication.

More, Thomas. 1477-1535. English humanist, statesman. Utopia 1516, described ideal cooperative democracy. Executed by Henry VIII for opposing Act of Supremacy. Catholic saint.

Moriscos. 1492-1614. Moors in Spain forcibly converted to Catholicism after Reconquista. Secretly remained Moslem. Revolted 1569. Deported 1609-14.

Morton, William. 1819-68. US dentist. Advocated ether anaesthesia 1846.

Mozarabs. 8-11C. Christians who adopted Moslem language and culture in Spain but remained Catholic.

Mysticism. Direct communication with God through spiritual, intuitive or transcendental means.

Nader, Ralph. 1934-. US pioneer consumer advocate. Unsafe at Any Speed 1965.

Nansen, Fridtjof. 1861-1930. Norwegian arctic explorer/statesman. Drifted in ship “Fram” 1895-6. Advocated independence from Sweden.

Narodniki. 19C Russian Socialist movement advocating land for peasants. Assassinated Alexander II. Populism.

National Geographic Society. 1888. World’s largest scientific and educational society.

National Liberation Front. 1960- Vietcong organization for unification of Vietnam. 1969 Provisonal government. 1975 Conquered South Vietnam. 1976 Joined National United Front.

Neo-Impressionism. 19C. Application of optical discoveries by Seurat and Signac. Pointilism.

Nicholas I. 1796-1855. Czar 1825-. Autocratic. Russification of Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Baltic. Established Third Section. Policy of autocracy, orthodoxy, Nationalism.

Notre-Dame. Paris Cathedral. 1163-1345. Restored 1841. Prototype of all Gothic cathedrals.

Nullification. US states’ rights to remedy federal abuse of power locally. Calhoun.

Nyx. Greek personification (female) of night.

Oates, Titus. 1649-1705. English Anglican priest. Invented Popish Plot. 35 Catholics executed.

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