Polyanov, Peace. 1634. Poland receives Smolensk for recognizing first Romanov czar, Michael.

Polycleitus. 5C BC. Classical Greek sculptor. Proportion and rhythm. Spear Bearer.

Pompey. 106-48BC. Roman triumvir with Caesar and Crassus; defeated by Caesar.

Pompidou Centre. Beaubourg. 1972-7. Architects: Rogers and Piano. Paris modernistic art and activity center.

Pont d’Avignon. 12C-1680. Built after divine command to shepherd, St Bénézet.

Poor Law Commission. 1842. Chadwick recommends municipal clean water supply and sewage systems to prevent disease.

Pop Art. 1950-. Movement drawing from popular culture. Warhol. Lichtenstein.

Pope, Alexander. 1688-1744. English satirist, poet and philosopher: On Criticism 1711. Rape of the Lock 1712-4. Essay on Man 1732-4.

Popov, Aleksandr. 1859-1905. Russian physicist: radio antenna.

Popper, Karl. 1902-94. Austrian/British philosopher. Objective knowledge. All knowledge grows from conjecture and refutation. Social advance made one step at a time.

Portland, William Bentrick, Duke of. 1649-1709. Dutch/English statesman. Boyne. Treaty of Rijswijk.

Post-Impressionism. -1910. Modern art movement of solid color and forms as a reaction to Impressionism. Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin.

Post Office. 1840. England penny post begun.

Pound, Ezra. 1885-1972. US poet/translator of Oriental and Provençale poetry. Pisan Cantos. Pro-Fascism led to incarceration in an asylum 1946-58.

Powhatan War. 1622-44. Indians attack settlers in Virgina, Maryland. Reprisals nearly wipe out tribe.

Poznán Riots. 1956. Polish workers strike for bread and freedom. 53 killed by Russian troops. Led to new regime, Hungarian Uprising.

Pragmatism. 19-20C. Philosophy emphasizing experiment and practical utility. Pierce. James. Dewey. Schiller.

Prague Spring. 1968. Czech reforms face Soviet intervention. Dubcek.

Prandtl, Ludwig. 1875-1953. German “father” of aerodynamics.

Pratt, E.J. 1883-1964. Canadian Nationalist poet. Brébeuf and his Brethren 1940.

Preemption Act. 1841-91. US law allowed squatters on government land to buy 160 acres. Homestead.

Presbyterianism. 16C-. System of church organization sharing power between clergy and congregation. Calvin. Knox. Episcopacy. Congregationalism.

Presley, Elvis. 1935-77. US singer of rock, folk, gospel, and country music. 28M records sold. Heartbreak Hotel 1956.

Pressburg, Treaty. 1805. Austria loses in Napoleonic Wars. Cedes land to France.

Prester John. Legendary Christian ruler of vast lands in Africa or Asia.

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