Paris, Treaties. 1229 Ends Albigensian Crusade. Louis gains Toulouse. 1327. England loses territory to France. 1763 Ends Seven Years War. Britain gets French holdings in Canada. Spain gets American territory. 1783 Ends American Revolution. US borders fixed. 1814 Ends Napoleonic Wars, restoring 1792 borders. Napoleon exiled to Elba. 1815 Ends Hundred Days. 1790 borders, reparations. Napoleon to St. Helena. 1856 Ends Crimean War. Black Sea neutral. Regulated Laws of High Seas. 1898 Ends Spanish American War. Spain cedes Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico to US. 1947. Settled European borders after WWII.

Parker, Dorothy. 1893-1967. US witty urban writer. A Star is Born. Death and Taxes 1931.

Parliament. British Monarch, House of Lords and Commons. 1295 Model Parliament. 1688 Glorious Revolution. 1911 Parliament Act. Curia Regis. Name of legislatures of most former British colonies.

Parmenides. 5C BC. Eleatic philosopher. Everything is an illusion. Mind creates the illusion of matter and motion. All is appearance of singular eternal reality.

Parnell, Charles. 1846-91. Irish nationalist. Founded Land League.

Páros. Greek island source of white marble. Parthenon.

Parthenon. 447-431BC. Marble Doric temple of Athena built by Phidias and Ictinus under Pericles on Athens Acropolis. Damaged by Venetians attacking Turks 1687.

Pasiphaë. Greek wife of Minos, mother of Ariadne and Minotaur.

Patel, Vallabhbhai. 1875-1950. Indian nationalist with Gandhi.

Paterson, William. 1658-1719. Scottish. Founded Bank of England 1694. Darien Scheme.

Patriarch. Christian bishops with jurisdiction over other bishops. 325 Rome. 692 Antioch. Alexandria, Constantinople, Jerusalem. 1598 Moscow.

Patrick, St. c389-461. Patron saint of Ireland. Introduced monasticism. Converted Irish. Said to have invented Irish Whiskey 450.

Paul of Aegina. c625-90. Alexandrian physician. Compiled medical knowledge to date. 7 vol Epitome.

Pax Romana. 27BC-193. Period of Roman peace and prosperity begun by Augustus.

Peasants’ War. 1524-6. Geneva Anabaptist peasants crushed by nobles and clergy. Muntzer.

Peking, Treaty. 1860. China cedes coastal land to Russia.

People’s Republic. Communist government by a people’s party. Democratic mandate from popular revolution. Often Totalitarian.

Perestroika. 1986. Gorbachev’s policy of government and economic reform.

Pérez de Ayala, Ramón. 1880-1962. Spanish writer. Balarmino and Apolonio.

Periander. Corinthian tyrant c627-586BC. Trade and art expansion.

Perón, Isabel. 1931-. Argentine president 1974-5, succeeding husband.

Perpendicular. c1350-1500. English Gothic architecture. Square and heavy materialistic design.

Perseus. Slew Medusa with gods’ weapons. Married Andromeda.

Pershing, John. 1860-1948. US general; commanded French front 1918. WWI.

Pérugini, Pietro le. 1445-1523. Italian painter. Taught Raphael. St. Peter and Keys 1482 (Sistine Chapel).

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