Leakey, Louis. 1903-72. British anthropological archeologist. With wife Mary, discovered homo habilis and other ancient humanoid fossils.

Leander. Hero’s lover who swam Hellespont nightly.

Lebanon. 25C BC Phoenicia. 6C BC Persia. 332 Alexander. 64BC Rome. 5C Byzantine. 7C Moslems, Maronite Christians. 11C Druse(S). 1516 Ottoman. 1861 Christian autonomy under Ottomans. 1920 French mandate. 1926 Republic under France. 1943 Independent republic. 1975-91 Civil war.

Leda. Spartan Queen. Mother of Helen, Castor, Pollux.

Léger, Fernand. 1881-1955. French painter. Modernist mechanistic forms of solid colors. Femme au Livre 1923. Grande Parade 1954.

Legion of Honour. French national order instituted by Napoleon, 1802. Five ranks: Grands Croix, Grands Officiers, Commandeurs, Officiers, Chevaliers.

Leif Eriksson. Norwegian discoverer of Vinland, 1000.

Leipzig, Battle. 1813. Napoleon loses Germany and Poland. 500,000 troops involved.

Le Mercier, Jacques. 1585-1654. French architect of Sorbonne and Horloge Pavilion of Louvre.

Lend-Lease. Agreement between Allies and US during WWII for sharing costs of supplies and foreign exchange obligations.

Leningrad Affair. 1948. Purge of Zhdanov associates by Stalin.

Lenoir, Alexandre. 1761-1839. Archeologist. Founder of the Museum of French Monuments.

Le Nôtre, André. 1613-1700. French landscapist. Tuileries 1637. Fontainebleau. Versailles 1663.

Leo I, St. 400-461. Pope 440-. Opposed Nestorianism, Manichaeism and other heresies.

Leopold and Loeb. 1924. Wealthy, intellectual partners ‘perfect’ murder of Bobby Franks leads to life imprisonment. Darrow plea avoids execution.

Lesotho. Basutoland. c1800 Basotho kingdom. 1868 British. 1871 Cape Colony. 1884 British colony. 1966 Independent kingdom of Lesotho.

Lesseps, Ferdinand. 1805-94. French engineer. Suez Canal 1869. Corinth Canal. Designed and began Panama Canal 1881-89.

Leto. Mother of Apollo and Artemis.

Leucippus. -440BC. Greek philosopher. Atomism. “Nothing occurs at random”.

Levellers. 1645-50. English Civil War republican democratic party. Sought religious, political equality and end to monarchy.

Lewes, Battle. 1264. English barons capture Henry III and Prince Edward, force concessions.

Lewis, Merriwether. 1774-1809. US explorer with Clark overland to Pacific NW, 1804-6.

Lexington and Concord, Battle. 1775. First American Revolution battle. British march on Concord supply depot. Established guerilla warfare as colonist strategy. 273 British, 95 Americans killed. Paul Revere.

Liberalism, Economic. 19C. Striving for personal profits and liberty. Manchester School. Cobden.

Libraries. 1700BC Chaldean. 540BC Athens. 284BC Alexandria. 167 Rome. 355 Constantinople. 1446 Vatican. 1520 Paris. 1757 British Museum. 1598 Oxford Bodleian. 1653 Manchester, First free public. 1800 US Library of Congress.

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