Giotto. c1266-1337. Florentine fresco painter. First to abandon Byzantine style. Arena Chapel frescoes 1305. Madonna and Child c1314.

Glorious Revolution. 1688. British Protestant William and Mary depose James II. Declaration of Rights, Bill of Rights 1689.

Gobineau, Joseph. 1816-82. Rationalized anti-semitism and Aryan supremacy. Essay on Inequality of Human Races 1353-5.

Godoy, Manuel de. 1767-1851. Spanish Prime Minister 1792~1808. Battle of Trafalgar and Fontainebleau Treaty.

Godwin. -1053. English Earl. Exiled 1051. Invaded England 1052.

Goebbels, Joseph. 1897-1945. Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda 1933-. Suicide.

Goes, Hugo van der. c1440-82. Flemish painter. Mystical, emotional. Portinari Altarpiece c1476.

Gog and Magog. Giants of Albion.

Gold Coast. 1481 Portugal. 1642 Dutch. 1874 Britain. 1957 Independent +British Togoland = Ghana.

Gold Standard. 1821-1937. Definition of national currencies in terms of gold purchasing power. Ended: 1931 Britain, 1933 USA, 1936 France. Friedman. Bretton Woods.

Goodman, Benny. 1909-86. US clarinetist/ bandleader. “King of Swing”.

Gordian Knot. Cut by Alexander in Phrygia 333BC.

Goths. Germanic people of S Scandinavia. Invaded Europe, 3-4C. Visigoths and Ostrogoths.

Gottfried von Strassbourg. 13C. German poet. Tristan and Isolde.

Goya, Francisco. 1746-1828. Spanish painter and engraver of macabre. Horrors of War 1811.

Grand Alliance, War of. 1689-97. Spain, Sweden, England, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs French expansionism. Negotiated Peace. King William’s War. Namur. Augsburg League.

Grand Army of the Republic. 1866-1956. Political organization of American Civil War veterans.

Grand Canal. 4C BC-1400. China. World’s longest, 1,000 miles.

Grand Palais. Built for 1900 World Exhibition in Paris.

Grand Remonstrance. 1641. Grievances presented to Charles I by Long Parliament.

Grande Armée. 1805-12. Napoleon’s 1,000,000 man army; combined smaller armies for central control.

Grande Gallery of Louvre. Longest gallery in the world, 300m.

Grandee. 13C-. Highest rank of Spanish nobility.

Grandfather Clause. -1915. S US states limited vote to those enfranchised by 1866/7.

Grands-Augustins, Quai de. 1313. Oldest quay in Paris, by Philip the Fair.

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