Wehlau, Treaty. 1657. Poland renounces suzerainty over Prussia.

Weil, Simone. 1909-43. French mystic philosopher. Gravity and Grace 1947.

Welfs. 12C dynasty in Bavaria and Saxony defeated by Hohenstaufen. Guelfs.

Wellesley, Richard. 1760-1842. British Governor General to India 1798-1805. Expanded British power. Wellington’s brother.

Wells, H. G. 1866-1946. English Science Fiction fantasy and social novelist. Time Machine 1895; War of the Worlds 1898.

Wergeland, Henrick. 1808-45. Norwegian Nationalist writer. Creation 1830.

Wessex. 495- Anglo-Saxon kingdom in south England. 829 +Mercia. 927 Conquered Danes to rule England. Ethelred. Alfred. Athelstan.

West Indies Federation. Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserat, St Christopher-Nevis-Anguila, St Lucia, St Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago.

West Wall. 1934-9. German illegal fortification of Rhine frontier.

Western European Union. 1948. Britain, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg. 1954 +Italy, Germany. 50 year treaty. NATO. European Defense Community.

Western Samoa. Samoa. 1899 German. 1920 New Zealand League of Nations mandate. 1962 Independent.

Westminster Assembly. 1643-52. Convened by Long Parliament to inaugurate Presbyterianism in England and Wales. Westminster Confession of Faith.

Westminster, Statute of. 1275,85,90. First reference to Great Council of England as Parliament. Reformed civil and criminal law. Legal protection for poor. 1931. British affirmation of autonomous dominion of British Empire countries. Established British Commonwealth.

Westminster, Treaties. 1654 Ends Dutch War. Dutch pay England. 1662 England, Brandenberg most-favoured nation status. 1674 Dutch American colonies to Britain. 1756 Prussia, British neutrality.

Westphalia, Peace of. 1648. Conclusion of the Thirty Years War between Germany, France, and Sweden and Spanish-Dutch 80 Years War. Formal recognition of Swiss independence. Dutch independence. HRE weakened. Religious toleration. Confirmed Augsburg.

Weyden, Rogier van der. c1400-64. Flemish religious painter. Adoration of Child 1462.

Weygand, Maxime. 1867-1965. French general. Foch’s Chief of Staff. Advised Pétain capitulation. WWI.

Whiskey Ring. 1875. 110 convicted in US bribery scandal to save distillers excise taxes.

Whistler, James. 1834-1903. US painter. Use of light and color influenced abstract art. Arrangement in Black and Grey, No 1 (Whistler’s Mother) 1871.

Whiteboys. 1760. Irish peasants harass landlords, tax collectors, Protestant clergy. 1860-85. Secret Ribbonist movement.

Whitehead, Alfred. 1861-1947. English mathematician/philosopher. Metaphysical theory of reality. With Russell wrote Principia Mathematica 1913. Process and Reality 1929.

White Revolution. 1950-79. Iran land reform movement of Shah ended by Islamic Revolution.

White Terror. 1815. Against Jacobins and Bonapartists.

Wieland, Christoph. 1733-1813. German Rococo poet. Oberon 1780.

Wilhelmina. 1880-1962. Queen of Netherlands 1890-1948.

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