Scarlatti, Alessandro. 1660-1725. Italian composer of oratorios and operas. Neapolitan School. Influenced classical harmony.

Schiller, Friedrich. 1759-1805. German Romantic writer of historical dramas and lyric poetry. Popularized William Tell 1804. -“inner direction” Wallenstein 1800.

Schiner, Matthäus. c1465-1522. Led Swiss to defeat at Maignano. Established peace and neutrality of Switzerland.

Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr. 1917-. US historian. A Thousand Days 1965.

Schönbrunn, Peace. 1809. Austria lost land to France, Russia, Bavaria, Warsaw in Napoleonic Wars.

Schopenhauer, Arthur. 1788-1860. German pessimist Idealist philosopher. Will is superior to knowledge. World viewed as will and ideas. Every individual is a part of a Universal Will.

Schwarzenberg, Karl, Fürst zu. 1771-1820. Austrian. Commanded with Napoleon in Russia. Later led Allies vs Napoleon.

Scotland. c4000BC Inhabited. c1800BC Beaker people. c300BC Celts (Picts). Caledonia. c500 AD Scots (Celts from Ireland) settle. 832 MacAlpin unifies. 945 + Cumbria + Strathclyde. c1016 + Lothian. 1328 Independence acknowledged by England. 1603 James VI becomes James I of England. 1707 Great Britain. 1801 United Kingdom.

Scotland Yard. Site of Palace where Scottish kings stayed. 1829- HQ, London Metropolitan Police.

Scriabin, Aleksandr. 1872-1915. Russian composer uniting music with philosophy: Prometheus 1911. Musical symbolism.

Scriblerus Club. 18C English literary club. Satirized contemporary writing. Swift. Pope.

SEC. Securities and Exchange Commission. 1934. Founded under New Deal.

Segovia, Andrés. 1894-1987. Spanish classical guitarist.

Seleucids. 312-64BC. Hellenistic kingdom founded by Alexander’s general, Seleucus. Syria, Persia, Mesopotamia.

Selkirk, Alexander. 1676-1721. Sailor marooned 1704-9. Prototype for Robinson Crusoe.

Separatists. 16-17C. Factions who left Church of England. Brownists, Pilgrims, Quakers.

Servandoni, G.N. 18C Italian/French architect. St. Sulpice facade 1732.

Seth. Biblical son of Adam and Eve.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Pyramids 4700-2160BC. Mausolus Tomb 353BC. Artemis Temple at Ephesus c550BC. Hanging Gardens of Babylon 600BC. Colossus of Rhodes 280BC. Zeus Statue at Olympia 450BC. Lighthouse at Alexandria c282BC.

Seven Years War. 1756-63. France, Russia, Austria vs England, Prussia who retain Silesia, emerge as major power. French colonial power reduced. England gains New France, India. French-Indian Wars.

Shakespeare, William. 1564-1616. English dramatic poet. Master of language, characters, perception.Titus Andronicus c1593. Romeo and Juliet c1594. Hamlet c1602. Othello c1604. King Lear c1606. Lover’s Complaint c1609. Sonnets 1609. Tempest 1611.

Shaw, George Bernard. 1856-1950. Irish socialist writer/dramatist of wit and satire. Man and Superman 1903. Pygmalian 1913. St. Joan 1923. Fabian.

Shenandoah. Site of American Civil War battles 1861-5.

Sheridan, Philip. 1831-88. Union general, captured Shenandoah, forced Lee’s surrender.

Sheridan, Richard. 1751-1816. British comedy dramatist: School for Scandal 1777.

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