Pestalozzi, Johann. 1746-1827. Swiss educator. Modern primary education system. Paced development from familiar to new. Lienhard and Gertrude 1781-9. How Gertrude Teaches 1801.

Poor Law Commission. 1842. Chadwick recommends municipal clean water supply and sewage systems to prevent disease.

Presbyterianism. 16C-. System of church organization sharing power between clergy and congregation. Calvin. Knox. Episcopacy. Congregationalism.

Ptolemy. c140. Alexandrian. First cartographer. Promoted Hipparchus’ geocentric theory of solar system. Copernicus. Columbus studied his Geography.

Quesnay, François. 1694-1774. French economist, Physiocrat. “Laissez-faire” is a natural divinely appointed law. Tableau Économique 1758 -systematic study of political economy. Can maximize social satisfaction under free competition.

Round Table Conference. 1930-32. Established federal system, provincial autonomy in India; not implemented.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

Savigny, Friedrich von. 1779-1861. German jurist, historian of Roman and medieval law. Modern system of civil law.

Scharnhorst, Gerhard von. 1755-1813. Prussian general, reorganized army. General staff system.

Social Credit. 1919. Douglas’ economic theory. Give money to consumers, producers based on social credits, “liberating” production from price system.

Speenhamland System. 1795-1834. British welfare system to aid poor.

Spoils System. 19C US political patronage.

Sumerians. c6000-2000BC Civilization in Tigris-Euphrates valley. First writing system. First legal code. Akkad. Ur.

Templars. 1119-1312. Founded by Baldwin II and 9 knights in the Holy Land to protect pilgrims. Created International banking system, 9,000 commanderies, and owned 1/4 of Paris when dissolved by Philip IV, 1307; and Edward II, 1308. Council of Vienne.

Terman, Lewis. 1877-1956. Introduced IQ tests to US school system.

Tigris-Euphrates. SW Asian river system. Assyrian, Chaldean civilizations.

Tillich, Paul. 1886-1965. German/US Christian philosopher. Courage To Be 1952. Systematic Theology 1951-63..

Tilsit, Treaties. 1807. Russia, Prussia join Continental System. Russia free to attack Finland. Prussia surrenders to Napoleon, reduced in size. France controls Central Europe. Creates Warsaw Duchy, Westphalia.

Tubman, William. 1895-1971. Liberia. President 1941-. Women’s and native suffrage. School system.

Verona Congress. 1822. Last Holy Alliance congress. Authorized French intervention in Spanish revolution. British opposed intervention in New Spain. Failure of Congress System.

William I. The Conqueror. c1027-87. Norman conquest of England, 1066. Defeated Harold II at Hastings. Ordered Domesday Survey 1085. Built Tower of London 1086. Imported feudal system.

Yoga. Hindu and Buddhist system of meditation, breathing and exercise to achieve spiritual enlightenment.

Yüan. 1279-1368. Chinese Mongol dynasty founded by Kublai Khan. Grand Canal. Postal system. Marco Polo.