Palestrina. 1525-94. Italian composer. Pioneer of chordal music. A capella choir 1585. Improperia 1560.

Philby, Kim. 1912-88. British/Soviet double agent 1933-51. Escaped to USSR 1963. My Secret War 1968.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Philip IV. The Fair. 1268-1314. French Capetian king 1285-. Taxed Roman Catholic Church. Ended Templars.

Rieboeck, Jan van. 1619-77. Dutch founder of Cape Town.

Ruisdael, Jacob van. 1628-82. Dutch landscape painter. Jewish Cemetery c1660. Wheatfields c1670.

Thomson, Tom. 1877-1917. Canadian landscape painter. Influenced Group of Seven.

Turner, Joseph. 1775-1851. English Romantic landscape painter. Original use of color. Reflections on water. Mature style more abstract. Snowstorm 1812. Rain, Speed, Smoke 1844.

Umayyad. 661-750. Sunni Moslem dynasty of Caliphate Empire. Defeated by Abbasid revolt. Abd ar-Rahman escaped to establish dynasty in Spain 756-1031.

Underground Railroad. 1838-65. Northerners help US slaves escape to Canada, defying Fugitive Slave Acts.

Valois. 1328-1589. Second Capetian French dynasty. Tudor.

Van Goyen, Jan. 1596-1656. Dutch landcape painter of familiar, commonplace.

Vienna, Congress. 1814-15. Redrew map of Europe after Napoleon. Prussia gains Rhine, Westphalia. Swiss borders and neutrality confirmed. Netherlands created from Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg. Malta and Cape Colony ceded to Britain. Russia gets Poland. Austria trades Netherlands for north Italy. France reduced to 1792 borders. Metternich.

Wang Wei. 699-759. Chinese poet, landscape painter.

Zuccarelli, Francesco. 1702-88. Italian landscape artist. Influenced English. Florentine Royal Academy 1768.

Ahurza Mazda. Zoroastrian spirit of good.

Aristippus. 435-366BC. Cyrenaic philosopher: Man’s goal should be pleasure. Good=pleasant.

Armed Neutrality at Sea. 1780-1801. Agreement that neutral flag at sea protects all but military goods.

Bhadracarya-pranidhana. Buddhist vows of good conduct.

Bloomsbury Group. 1907-30. Agnostic English intellectuals searching for good, true, beautiful. Forster, Woolf, Keynes, Russell, Huxley, et.al.

Buck, Pearl S. 1892-1973. US novelist of Chinese life. Good Earth 1931.

Chu Hsi. 1130-1200. Chinese Neo-Confucian. Four Books 1189. Individual goodness can be brought out by study of the classics.

Cyrenaics. 4C BC. Greek school of philosophy. Pleasure is the highest good. Epicureanism.

Dualism, Religious. Belief in 2 opposed deities, usually good and evil. Gnosticism.

Ethics. Study of what is good human conduct.

44 more results ...