Henry II. 1519-59. French king 1547-. Repressed Protestants. Captured Calais 1558. Treaties of Chambord, Cateau-Cambrésis.

Henry VI. 1421-71. King of England and France 1422-61, 70-1. Founded King’s College Cambridge, Eton. Lost France except Calais. Weakness led to War of Roses. Deposed.

Himmler, Heinrich. 1900-45. German Gestapo and SS head. Concentration camps. Suicide after Allied capture.

Hobson, Tobias. Cambridge innkeeper who offered no choice of hired horse. -“Hobson’s choice”.

Holocaust. 1939-45. Nazi killing of of Jews, minorities, opponents and POWs in concentration camps. Final Solution. 5.8 million Jews and 5-11 million non-Jews.

Iguala, Plan de. 1821. Stated 3 objectives of Mexican Independence movement. Ignored by issuer, Iturbide, when he became Emperor.

Impressionism. 1867-86. European art movement named 1874 for Monet’s Impression Sunrise. Direct from nature with colors to render surfaces and lighting effects. Rejected primacy of subject. Renoir, Pissarro, Degas, Cezanne, Manet. Music: 1892-1910. Restraint and ambiguity. Mood music. Debussy.

India Act. 1784. Transferred control of British East India Co to Parliament. 1858. All power over India from East India Co to British crown. 1919-35. Created bicameral parliament of limited authority.

Kampuchea. (Cambodia). 3C Funan. 5C Khmer. 15C Siam/Annam. 1863 France 1953 Independent. 1975 Khmer Rouge. 1979 =Kampuchea People’s Republic.

Khmer. 5-15C Cambodian empire defeated by Thai, Annam.

Khmer Rouge. 1960-79. Cambodian Communists. Overthrew Lon Nol, creating Kampuchea 1975. Forced relocations, torture, executions. Millions killed. 1979 Overthrown by Vietnamese. 1982-95 guerilla war. 1995 Amnesty. Pol Pot.

King’s Friends. 1759-1800. British political party. Became Tory party.

Land, Edwin. 1909-91. US inventor of Polaroid filter 1932, camera 1947, range-finder, anti-aircraft sights during WWII.

Lerner, Alan. 1918-86. Lyricist. My Fair Lady. Camelot.

Lon Nol. 1913-85. Cambodian Prime Minister 1966-7. Overthrew Sihanouk 1970. Deposed by Khmer Rouge 1975.

Long March. 1934-5. 100,000 Chinese Communists march from Kiangsi, 6,000 miles to Shensi. Mao became leader. 50,000 die.

Louis-Philippe. 1773-1850. French King 1830-48. 1790 Jacobin liberal who became absolutist monarch. Supported by bourgeoisie, defeated by workers in Revolt.

Louise of Savoy. 1476-1531. Mother of Francis I. Negotiated Treaty of Cambrai.

Mark’s, St. 902-1484. Venice church and campanile.

Mayaguez Incident. 1975. Cambodia seizes US ship. 38 killed in rescue.

Montrose Campaign. 1644-5. Scotland defeats England in Civil War.

Moroccan Crisis. 1905. Germany declares Morocco free of France, Algeciras Conference. 1911 = Agadir Crisis. French gain Morocco, Germany Cameroon, Italy Dodecanese.

Napoleon I, Bonaparte. 1769-1821. French general. Emperor of France by coup d’etat 1804-14. Disastrous Moscow campaign 1812. Defeated at Waterloo 1815. Exiled to St. Helena. Napoleonic Wars. Napoleonic Code. Hundred Days.

North Africa Campaign. 1940-3. Montgomery, Alexander defeat Rommel’s Afrikan Korps.

Occam, William. c1280-1349. English Franciscan Nominalist philosopher. “Science is about things, philosophy about terms and concepts”. Occam’s razor: “It is vain to do with more, what can be done with fewer” (Science or Logic). Incompatibility of knowledge and faith, 1332. Opposed Aquinas Aristotelian realism. “Universal ideas exist only in the mind”. Influenced Reformation.

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