Reynolds, Joshua. 1723-92. English expressive portrait painter: Mrs. Siddons. Miss Nelly 1760. Founder, Royal Academy 1768.

Royal Academy of Arts. 1768. 40 members. Based on Hogarth’s Society of Independent Artists.

Royal Academy of Music. 1822.

Royal Ballet. 1956. Academy of Choreographic Art 1926 + Sadler’s Wells 1930.

Salon des Refusés. 1863. Paris exhibition of paintings by Cezanne, Manet, Whistler refused by Academy. Déjeuner sur l’herbe.

Servandoni, G.N. 18C Italian/French architect. St. Sulpice facade 1732.

Sezession. Groups of artists who seceded from academies in Munich 1892, Vienna 1897, Berlin 1999.

Speusippus. -339BC. Led Athens Academy after Plato. First Encyclopedia.

Swedish Academy. 1786. Awards Nobel Literature prizes.

Sybaris. 720-510BC. Wealthy decadent Greek city in Italy. Rebuilt twice.

Xenocrates. 394-314BC. Greek philosopher. Head of Plato’s Academy.

Yourcenar, Marguerite. 1903-87. French writer; First woman in Académie Française.

Zuccarelli, Francesco. 1702-88. Italian landscape artist. Influenced English. Florentine Royal Academy 1768.