Van de Graaff, Robert. 1901-67. US physicist. Particle accelerator 1929. High voltage generator 1932.

Vernier, Pierre. 1580-1637. French inventor of graduated precision scale.

Viau, Théophile. 1590-1626. French pre-Classical poet, dramatist. Pyramus and Thisbe 1623.

Violencia. 1948-62. Spain under Franco. 1946-64. Colombian repression. 200,000 dead.

Volta, Alessandro. 1745-1827. Italian physicist: electric battery 1800.

Voodoo. Carribean religious cult of ritual and magic. Synthesis of African rites and French Roman Catholicism.

Vorticism. 1900-20. Art movement of mechanical forms and angles. Lewis. Gaudier-Brzeska.

Warren, Earl. 1891-1974. US Chief Justice 1953-69. Decisions on segregation, accused rights. Led inquiry into John F. Kennedy assassination. Concluded Oswald acted alone.

Watson, James. 1928-. US discoverer of DNA structure 1953 with Crick.

Wheatstone, Charles. 1802-75. English physicist: microphone. Telegraph 1836. Resistance bridge 1843. Concertina 1829. Stereoscope.

Whiskey Rebellion. 1794. Pennsylvania settlers vs excise tax. Cavalry suppressed without violence.

Whiskey Ring. 1875. 110 convicted in US bribery scandal to save distillers excise taxes.

Wilson, Charles. 1869-1959. Scottish physicist. Cloud Chamber 1911.

Wren, Christopher. 1632-1723. English architect. Anglicized Classicism based on French and Dutch influence. Rebuilt 50 churches after 1666 London fire. St. Paul’s 1675. Greenwich Observatory 1675. Associated with craftsmanship of Tijou, Gibbons, Thornhill, Cibber. Sheldonian Theatre 1662. Trinity College Library 1676.

Xavier, St. Francis. 1506-52. One of First Jesuits. Apostle to Asia 1540-.

Yalta Conference. 1945. Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin. Decided partition of Europe after WWII. USSR enters war vs Japan. Potsdam. San Francisco Peace.

Yellow Hats. 14C. Monastic Tibetan Buddhist sect. Ruled 1642-1950. Dalai Lama.

Yerba Buena. 1776-1846. Spanish mission...San Francisco.

Yoga. Hindu and Buddhist system of meditation, breathing and exercise to achieve spiritual enlightenment.

Young, Thomas. 1773-1829. English physicist. Wave interference of light 1801.

Young Germany. 1830-50. Literary movement vs Nationalism and Romanticism. Heine. Wienbarg.

Yukawa Hideki. 1907-81. Japanese physicist. Predicted mesons 1935.

Zeeman, Pieter. 1865-1943. Dutch physicist. Magnetic effect on light polarization.

Zeno of Citium. c335-263BC. Greek founder of Stoicism. Early anarchist: “Compulsion perverts the nature of man”.

Zurbaran, Francisco de. 1598-1664. Spanish religious Baroque tenebrist painter. Monk 1630.