Poncelet, Jean. 1788-1867. French mathematician. Projective geometry.

Popper, Karl. 1902-94. Austrian/British philosopher. Objective knowledge. All knowledge grows from conjecture and refutation. Social advance made one step at a time.

Populism. 1870-1902. Russian socialist revolutionaries. Narodniki.

Positivism. Knowledge based on senses alone. Personal knowledge. Natural laws lead to social engineering to secure a happy society. Comte. Mill. Spencer. Logical Positivism.

Powell, Enoch. 1912- British Conservative politician vs EEC, immigration.

Profumo Affair. 1963. British War Minister Profumo and Christine Keeler, who also associated with Soviet attaché. Embarassed government.

Proudhon, Pierre. 1809-65. French Anarchist Socialist: “Property is theft.”-What is Property? 1840. “Government is the Scourge of God”. Systèmes des Contradictions Économiques 1846.

Quesnay, François. 1694-1774. French economist, Physiocrat. “Laissez-faire” is a natural divinely appointed law. Tableau Économique 1758 -systematic study of political economy. Can maximize social satisfaction under free competition.

Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. 1881-1955. British. Social anthropology as science.

Ramus, Petrus. 1515-72. French humanist, logician. Reforms of Aristotelian logic.

Reconquista. 11C-1492 Campaign of Christians to recapture Spain, Portugal from Moslems. 1118 Aragon. 1238 Valencia. 1492 Granada.

Relativity. Einstein’s theories that space and time are not absolute. Special 1905. General 1916.

Renaudot, Théophraste. 1586-1653. Physician to Louis XIII. Huguenot. Founder of first periodical, Gazette de France 1631.

Retz, Cardinal de. 1613-79. French politician, writer, Fronde leader.

Ribbentrop, Joachim von. 1893-1946. German Nazi foreign minister 1933-45. Hanged at Nuremberg.

Richelieu, Cardinal. 1585-1642. French politician 1624-. Built power of Louis XIII.

Riemann, Bernhard. 1826-66. German mathematician: non-Euclidean geometry.

Riis, Jacob. 1849-1914. Danish/US social reformer. How the Other Half Lives, 1890.

Robbins, Frederick. 1916-. US physician. Discovered polio virus with Enders, Weller.

Roget, Peter. 1779-1869. English physician. Thesaurus 1852.

Röhm, Ernst. 1887-1934. German Nazi rival of Hitler. Organized SA. Executed.

Romania. Balkans. Dacia. 15C Ottoman. 1859 Moldavia+Walachia. 1878 Independent. 1918 + Bessarabia, Transylvania. 1940 -Bessarabia. 1947 People’s Republic. 1955 Warsaw Pact. 1989 Revolt. Ceausescu overthrown.

Ronsard, Pierre de. 1524-85. French Pléiade poet. Odes 1550. Amours 1552. Franciade 1572.

Rosa, Salvator. 1615-73. Italian poet, musician, Baroque painter.

Rosenberg, Alfred. 1893-1946. German Nazi ideologist. Executed.

109 more results ...