Slovakia. <400 Slavs settle. 9C Moravian Empire(SW). 906 Hungary. 1918 Czechoslovakia. 1969 Local autonomy. 1993 Independent republic.

Smyrna. =Izmir. 3000BC Greek city in Turkey. 600BC Lydian. 4C Greek 1425 Ottoman. 1920-2. Greeks occupy, massacre.

Songhai. 15-16C. West African trading empire.

Spain. c3000BC Iberians. c11C BC Phoenicians. c10C Celts. 6C Basques. c5C Carthage. 3C BC Rome. 5C Vandals, Visigoths. 711 Moslems. 801 Charlemagne. 10C independent kingdoms of Castile, León, Aragon, Navarre. 1031-1492 Reconquista. 1143 Portugal independent. 1479 Aragon, Castile unite. 1492 Moors final defeat. 1512 + Navarre =Spain. 1808 Napoleon. 1898 -Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. Spanish American War. 1931 Republic. 1936 Civil War. 1939 Franco. 1975 Parliamentary Monarchy. ETA. New Spain.

Spanish Succession, War. 1701-14. Britain, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs Spain, France. Opposed French Philip V succession to Spanish throne creating power imbalance. Queen Anne’s War.

Sprengtporten, G.M. 1740-1819. Finnish colonel. Finland to join Russian Empire.

Starhemberg, Ernst von. 1638-1701. Austrian Field Marshal. Defended Vienna vs Turks 1683.

Sudan. 4000BC = Nubia. c3000BC Egypt. 11-4C BC Cush Empire. c350 Aksum. 6C Christian. 15C Moslem. 1821 Egypt. 1898 Kitchener conquers...1899 Anglo/Egypt administration. 1956 Independent.

Suleiman I. The Magnificent. 1494-1566. Ottoman sultan 1520-. Expanded Empire to Yugoslavia, Hungary, Greece. Besieged Vienna. Cultural expansion. Barbarossa II.

Sviatoslav. 920-72. Varangian Duke of Kiev 945-. Expansion creates empire.

Sykes-Picot Agreement. 1916. France, Britain agree on post WWI partition of Ottoman Empire.

Syrian Wars. 274-200BC. Egypt vs Seleucid Empire.

Tajikistan. 3C BC Persian Empire. 711 Moslem. 1860 Russia. 1924 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Talleyrand, Maurice de. 1754-1838. French politician under Directory and Empire. Congress of Vienna.

Tamerlane. 1336-1405. Barbaric Mongol Moslem conquerer. First of Timurid line. Routed Golden Horde. Conquered Ottomans 1402. Mehmed I.

Taraori, Battles. 1191-2. Moslems conquer northern India.

Tariq.-c720. Led First Moslem invasion of Spain 711.

Tatars. Ancient: Mongols who merged with Golden Horde, invaded Europe 13C. Tatarstan.

Tenochtitlan. 1325-1521 Aztec capital, on site of Mexico City.

Tetrarchy. Any country with sovereign under Roman Empire in Eastern Provinces.

Teutonic Knights. c1190-1809. Military Germanic order to treat wounded crusaders. 13-14C Empire over Prussia, Estonia, Latvia. Tannenberg.

Theodosius I. 346-95. Emperor of East Roman Empire 379-. Unified East and West. Edict of Catholic faith, 380.

Theodosius II. 401-50. Emperor of Eastern Roman Empire 408-. Theodosian Code. University of Constantinople 425.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Thököly, Imre. 1657-1705. Led Hungarian Protestant rebels vs Austria. Besieged Vienna with Turks 1683.

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