Alexander VI. Pope. Demarcation Bull 1493 divided newly discovered land between Spain, Portugal. Tordesillas.

Andrew II. 1175-1235. King of Hungary, 1202-. Signed Golden Bull.

Bull. Important papal pronouncement of Church doctrine, canonizations.

Bull, John. 1562-1628. English early keyboard composer. Often credited with God Save the Queen.

Bull, John. Personification of England popularized by Arbuthnot 1712.

Bull Moose. 1912-16. Liberal Republicans for Roosevelt in first US Progressive Party.

Bull Run, Battles. 1861,2. Confederate victories.

Demarcation Bull. 1493. Pope Alexander VI divides New World between Portugal/Spain. Tordesillas.

Deposition Bull. 1535 Henry VIII excommunicated. 1570 Elizabeth I excommunicated.

Ehrlich, Paul. 1854-1915. German bacteriologist. Salvarsan syphilis treatment, 1909. Idea of specific drugs as “magic bullets”.

Golden Bull. 1222. Hungary. Limited king’s powers.

Golden Bull. 1356. Charles IV edict eliminating papal power in selection of Holy Roman Emperor.

Hague Conferences. 1899, 1907. Arms limitation talks banned poison gas, dum-dum bullets. Established World Court.

Jackson, Thomas “Stonewall”. 1824-63. Mexican War and Confederacy general. Bull Run, Shenandoah, Antietam.

Little Bighorn, Battle. 1876. Sitting Bull led Sioux and Cheyenne defeat Custer’s cavalry.

Luther, Martin. 1483-1546. German Christian reformer opposed to indulgences. Wittenberg. -’Even if heaven and hell do not exist, education is important’ Justification by faith alone. Melanchthon. 95 Theses 1517. Treatise on Christian Liberty. New Testament translated to vernacular 1522. Catechisms 1529. Canticles 1533. Excommunicated 1520, burns Papal Bull. Choral composer: moral effects of music.

Minotaur. Half-man, half-bull killed by Theseus in the Labyrinth on Crete. Fed tribute of children.

Mithraism. 5C BC-4C. Persian worship of Mithra, sun god of wisdom. Influenced Christianity. Adopted by Romans in Britain. Bull sacrifice.

Rimini Golden Bull. 1226. Frederick II grants sovereignty of Prussia to Teutonic knights.

Roosevelt, Theodore. 1858-1919. US president 1901-9 after McKinley assassination. Founded Bull Moose Party 1912. Led Rough Riders. Panama Canal Zone.

Sitting Bull. c1831-90. Led Sioux at Little Bighorn. Surrendered 1881.

Tibullus, Albius. c55-19BC. Roman elegist.

Tordesillas, Treaties. 1494. Spain, Portugal divide colonies in America and East according to Demarcation Bull of Alexander VI. Spain west, Portugal east of 48.5°W.