Northern War, Great. 1700-21. Sweden vs Russia and allies. Ends Sweden’s power, begins Russia’s.

Northumbria. Anglo-Saxon kingdom. c605 Bernicia + Deira = Northumbria. 9C Danish. 944 +England.

Northwest Passage. Attempts 1497- to find a sea route around Canada to Asia. Amundsen succeeded 1903-6. McClure 1853.

Northwest Rebellion. 1885. Saskachewan natives and Métis for land rights. Defeated. Riél.

Nystad, Treaty. 1721. Russia/Sweden. Russia gains window on Baltic. Ends Great Northern War.

Oliva, Peace. 1660. Ended First Northern War.

Oriental Canon Law. 880. Ecclesiastical laws of Eastern Christian churches.

Oswald. St. -641. King 633-, reunited Northumbria.

Oswy. -670. King of Bernicia 641-, Northumbria 655-. United most of S. England.

Pannonia. c35BC Roman province. Hungary, Austria, north Yugoslavia, Slovakia.

Parry, William. 1790-1855. English arctic explorer. Failed to find NW Passage.

Peary, Robert. 1856-1920. US explorer. First to North Pole 1909.

Poltava, Battle. 1709. Russia defeats Swedish invasion, becomes a power. Northern War.

Pueblo. US intelligence ship siezed 1968 by North Korea.

Queen Anne’s War. 1702-13. French vs English in North America in War of Spanish Succession.

Rhodesia, Northern. = Zambia.

Ribaut, Jean. 1520-65. French explorer to North America.

Roman Catholic Church. 30-. Branch of Christianity recognizing Pope as successor to St Peter. East-West Schism. Eastern Orthodoxy. Protestantism.

Ross, James. 1800-62. Scottish discoverer of North magnetic pole 1831 with uncle John Ross.

Ross, John. 1777-1856. Scottish. Led North magnetic pole expedition.

Sapir, Edward. 1884-1939. Polish/US linguist. Studied North American Indian languages.

Saxony. 843 «East Frankish Kingdom. 919-1024 Ruled HRE. 1180 Divided. 1697 Elector (King) of Poland. 1785 Fürstenbund. 1806 Napoleon creates Kingdom. 1815 Half to Prussia. 1815 German Confederation. 1835 Zollverein. 1867 North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Abolished monarchy. 1920 Republic. 1933 Germany.

Seven Oaks Massacre. 1816. Northwest Company. agents kill 20 settlers in Red River rivalry with Hudson Bay Company. Settlement destroyed.

Seventeenth Parallel. 1954-76. Divided North/South Vietnam.

Sibelius, Jan. 1865-1957. Finnish composer. Finlandia. Symphonies and tone poems evoke feeling of North. Kulervo Symphony 1892.

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