Cisalpine Republic. 1797-1802. North Italy, created by Napoleon. 1802 Italian Republic. 1805-15 Kingdom of Italy.

Craig, James. 1871-1940. First Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, 1921-.

Cuthbert, St. 635-87. Celtic monk, apostle to Northumbria.

Deira. 6C. Anglian kingdom in Northumbria.

Dutch Revolt. 1566-79. Calvinist north vs Spanish Hapsburgs. United Provinces. Spanish Armada.

Eastern Orthodoxy. Branch of Christianity. East-West Schism.

Edmund I. 921-46. King of England 939-. Recaptured north England from Norse. Monastic revival.

Ezzelino III da Ramono. 1194-1259. Cruel ruler of northern Italy. Subject of Dante’s Inferno.

Flemings. Dutch speakers of north Belgium. Walloon.

Frankfurt Assembly. 1848-9. Adopted constitution, basis of North German Confederation 1867.

French-Indian Wars. 1754-63. North American part of Seven Years War. France loses all possessions in Canada to Britain.

Germany. HRE. 1806 Confederation of Rhine. 1815 German Confederation. 1818 Zollverein. 1866 -Austria =North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1919 Weimar Republic. 1933 Third Reich. 1949 German Democratic Republic(E), Federal Republic of Germany(W). 1990 re-united.

Heptarchy. 5-9C. Seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia, E. Anglia, Northumbria. Frequent wars.

Ho Chi Minh. 1890-1969. North Vietnamese Communist President 1945-.

Hudson’s Bay Company. 1670-. England. Explored Canada. Sought NW passage. Trading posts. Fur trade. Monopoly 1821-58. Seven Oaks Massacre.

Huron. North America Indian tribe massacred by Iroquois 1648-50. Oklahoma.

Hutterites. 16C-. Communal Hungarian Anabaptist sect. 1870s moved to Western North America.

Ireland Act. 1920. Separate government for north and south. Union Act.

Ireland Referendum. 1973. Vote in favour of Union of Northern Ireland with Britain.

Irish Potato Famine. 1845-51. Blight kills crop. 1M die. Emmigration to North America. Resentment of English.

Islam. =Muhammadism. 7C-. Monotheistic religion based on Koran. 1/6 of world’s population, especially north Africa, Middle East, SW Asia. Sunni. Shi’ite. Caliphate Empire.

Jamestown. 1607. First permanent English settlement in North America.

Kickapoo Indians. North America midwest warriors. Fought Americans in American Revolution, War of 1812, Black Hawk War. Resettled in Kansas.

Kim Il-Sung. 1912-94. North Korean dictator 1948-. Korean War.

King George’s War. 1744-8. France vs Britain, War of Austrian Succession in North America. No territorial changes. Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle 1748.

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